User:Mati Roy/Books/Cognitive Bias

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Buy the book here: http://pediapress.com/books/setup/f858ee2b317294a08615774963283b/ Inspired from this article: https://betterhumans.coach.me/cognitive-bias-cheat-sheet-55a472476b18#.rppp3yeod

Cognitive Bias[edit]

Cheat Sheet. Not.[edit]

List: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YJTQy-_TcKF-G4sGysVSrIh0vzUm0vpWy5Mz5ELFUE4
Part 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mathieu.roy.37/Books/Cognitive_Biases:_Too_Much_Information
Part 2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mathieu.roy.37/Books/Cognitive_Biases:_Not_Enough_Meaning
Part 3: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mathieu.roy.37/Books/Cognitive_Biases:_Need_to_Act_Fast
Part 4: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mathieu.roy.37/Books/Cognitive_Biases:_What_Should_We_Remember%3F

List of cognitive biases
Problem 1: Too much information
We notice things that are already primed in memory or repeated often.: Availability heuristic; Attentional bias; Illusory truth effect; Mere-exposure effect; Cue-dependent forgetting; Empathy gap; Omission bias; Base rate fallacy
Bizarre/funny/visually-striking/anthropomorphic things stick out more than non-bizarre/unfunny things.: Bizarreness effect; Von Restorff effect; Picture superiority effect; Self-reference effect
We notice when something has changed.: Anchoring; Money illusion; Framing effect (psychology); Weber–Fechner law; Conservatism (belief revision); Distinction bias
We are drawn to details that confirm our own existing beliefs.: Confirmation bias; Congruence bias; Choice-supportive bias; Selective perception; Observer-expectancy effect; Ostrich effect; Subjective validation; Semmelweis reflex
We notice flaws in others more easily than flaws in ourselves.: Bias blind spot; Naïve cynicism; Naïve realism (psychology)
Problem 2: Not enough meaning
We find stories and patterns even in sparse data.: Confabulation; Clustering illusion; Insensitivity to sample size; Neglect of probability; Illusion of validity; Masked-man fallacy; Recency illusion; Gambler's fallacy; Hot-hand fallacy; Illusory correlation; Pareidolia; Anthropomorphism
We fill in characteristics from stereotypes, generalities, and prior histories whenever there are new specific instances or gaps in information.: Group attribution error; Ultimate attribution error; Stereotype; Essentialism; Functional fixedness; Moral credential effect; Just-world hypothesis; Argument from fallacy; Authority bias; Automation bias; Bandwagon effect; Placebo
We imagine things and people we’re familiar with or fond of as better than things and people we aren’t familiar with or fond of.: Halo effect; In-group favoritism; Out-group homogeneity; Cross-race effect; Cheerleader effect; Well travelled road effect; Not invented here; Reactive devaluation; Positivity effect
We simplify probabilities and numbers to make them easier to think about.: Mental accounting; Normalcy bias; Appeal to probability; Murphy's law; Subadditivity effect; Survivorship bias; Denomination effect; The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two
We think we know what others are thinking.: Curse of knowledge; Illusion of transparency; Spotlight effect; Illusion of external agency; Illusion of asymmetric insight; Extrinsic incentives bias
We project our current mindset and assumptions onto the past and future.: Hindsight bias; Outcome bias; Moral luck; Declinism; Telescoping effect; Rosy retrospection; Impact bias; Optimism bias; Planning fallacy; Time-saving bias; Pro-innovation bias; Affective forecasting; Restraint bias
Problem 3: Need to act fast
In order to act, we need to be confident in our ability to make an impact and to feel like what we do is important.: Overconfidence effect; Egocentric bias; Social desirability bias; Third-person effect; Barnum effect; Illusion of control; False-consensus effect; Dunning–Kruger effect; Hard–easy effect; Illusory superiority; Lake Wobegon; Self-serving bias; Fundamental attribution error; Defensive attribution hypothesis; Trait ascription bias; Effort justification; Risk compensation
In order to stay focused, we favor the immediate, relatable thing in front of us over the delayed and distant.: Hyperbolic discounting; Appeal to novelty; Identifiable victim effect
In order to get anything done, we’re motivated to complete things that we’ve already invested time and energy in.: Sunk costs; Escalation of commitment; Loss aversion; IKEA effect; Generation effect; Zero-risk bias; Disposition effect; Pseudocertainty effect; Endowment effect
In order to avoid mistakes, we’re motivated to preserve our autonomy and status in a group, and to avoid irreversible decisions.: System justification; Reverse psychology; Decoy effect; Social comparison bias; Status quo bias
We favor options that appear simple or that have more complete information over more complex, ambiguous options.: Ambiguity effect; Information bias (psychology); Belief bias; Rhyme-as-reason effect; Law of triviality; Conjunction fallacy; Occam's razor; Less-is-better effect
Problem 4: What should we remember?
We edit and reinforce some memories after the fact.: Misattribution of memory; Cryptomnesia; Suggestibility; Spacing effect
We discard specifics to form generalities.: Implicit stereotype; Prejudice; Negativity bias; Fading affect bias
We reduce events and lists to their key elements.: Peak–end rule; Leveling and sharpening; Misinformation effect; Duration neglect; Recall (memory); Modality effect; Memory inhibition; Serial position effect
We store memories differently based on how they were experienced.: Levels-of-processing effect; Testing effect; Absent-mindedness; Tip of the tongue; Google effect