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Game theory attempts to mathematically model interactions between individuals.1 Individuals are seen as rational agents with a set of alternative actions, a set of preferable outcomes and a function that chooses the action which better fits its preferences. They interact in a way that an agent must anticipate other agent’s responses to his actions in order to choose the action which maximizes his preferences; this interaction is called a game. If the agent only has to consider his own actions, then decision theory best suits to model his behavior and the situation is no longer a game. Each agent in a game has to choose from a set of previously established algorithms called strategies, each strategy is a complete list of responses to every possible situation he might encounter during the game.2

The most famous example of a game is the Prisoner's Dilemma: “Suppose that the police have arrested two people whom they know have committed an armed robbery together. Unfortunately, they lack enough admissible evidence to get a jury to convict. They do, however, have enough evidence to send each prisoner away for two years for theft of the getaway car. The chief inspector now makes the following offer to each prisoner: If you will confess to the robbery, implicating your partner, and she does not also confess, then you'll go free and she'll get ten years. If you both confess, you'll each get 5 years. If neither of you confess, then you'll each get two years for the auto theft.”3

Let the utility function, ascribing a payoff to each outcome, of both the prisoners be:...

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