Law-thinking is an approach in which action and reasoning are thought to have theoretical criteria (laws) specifying the optimal actions and belief adjustments in any given situation. These criteria may be impossible to apply to a situation directly, and one may be forced to use only rough approximations. But one can still evaluate the approximations based on how well they match the optimal criteria.
Some concepts which have been used as theoretical criteria in law-thinking:
Note that one can make use of e.g. Bayes Theorem or decision theory without being a law-thinker. (Thus, articles covering the above topics do not automatically fall under this tag.) A "toolbox-thinker" may use such tools if that seems warranted, without considering them normative standards to compare things against. This difference is discussed in Toolbox-thinking and Law-thinking.