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Nootropics & Other Cognitive Enhancement

NootoropicsNootropics (drugs/psychoactive substances) is a form of biological Cognitive Enhancement, i.e., any modification in the biology of a person which increases their cognitive capacities 1. Apart from drugs (nootropics), alternative biological cognitive enhancements include, possibly, magnetic stimulation. 

Note: this page was last updated in November, 2014, and was written by a single author. It does not reflect any consensus on LessWrong.

Nootoropics (drugs/psychoactive substances) is a form of biological Cognitive Enhancement, i.e., any modification in the biology of a person which increases their cognitive capacities 1. Apart from drugs (nootropics), alternative biological cognitive enhancements include, possibly, magnetic stimulation. 

Note: this wagepage was last updated in November, 2014, and was written by a single author. It does not reflect any consensus on LessWrong.

Ruby2y20

The citations on this page are mess with all their links. I'm going to leave them for now and mark it as done, can fix up later. Not worth the time it'd take.

Reply

BiologicalNootoropics (drugs/psychoactive substances) is a form of biological Cognitive Enhancement is, i.e., any modification in the biology of a person which increases histheir cognitive capacities 1. These modifications can be done through the use ofApart from drugs (‘smart pills’) or(nootropics), alternative biological cognitive enhancements include, possibly, magnetic stimulation. 

Note: this wage was last updated in November, 2014, and was written by a single author. It does not reflect any consensus on LessWrong.

  1. SAVULESCU, J. & MEULEN, Rudd ter (orgs.) (2011) "Enhancing Human Capacities". Wiley-Blackwell.↩
  2. Jump up↑KAPNER, E. (2003) "Recreational use of Ritalin on college campuses". InfoFactsResources – The Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention. Available at: www.edc.org/hec/pubs/factsheets/ritalin.pdf (accessed 4 Jan 2006).↩
  3. Jump up↑TETER, C.J. et al. (2005). "Prevalence and motives for illicit use of prescription stimulants in an undergraduate student sample", J Am Coll Health 53 (2005).↩
  4. ↑ Jump up to:4.04.1BOSTROM, NICK. (2008) "Three Ways to Advance Science" For Nature Podcast, 31 January 2008. Available at: http://www.nickbostrom.com/views/science.pdf↩
  6. Jump up↑SANDBERG, Anders & LIAO, S.M., (2008) "The Normativity of Memory Modification", Neuroethics (2008), (1 2) 85-99.↩
  7. Jump up↑SANBERG, Anders & SAVULESCU, Julian. (2008). "Neuroenhancement of Love and Marriage: The Chemicals Between Us." Neuroethics (2008) Vol. 1:31-44.↩
  8. Jump up↑BOSTROM, Nick & SAVULESCO, Julian. (orgs.), (2009) "Human Enhancement". Oxford University Press.↩
  9. Jump up↑BOSTROM, Nick & SANDBERG, Anders. (2006) "Converging Cognitive Enhancements", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1093.↩
  10. Jump up↑SANDBERG, Nick & SANDBERG, Anders. (2009) "The Wisdom of Nature: an Evolutionary Heuristic for Human Enhancement" in: BOSTROM, Nick & SAVULESCU, Julian(orgs.). Human Enhancement. Oxford University Press, EUA.↩
  11. Jump up↑BOSTROM, Nick & SANDBERG, Anders. (2009) "Cognitive Enhancement: Methods, Ethics, Regulatory Challenges", Science and Engineering Ethics, Vol. 15, No. 3.↩
  12. ↑ Jump up to:11.011.1SQUIRE, Larry R. et al. (orgs.) (2008) "Fundamental Neuroscience." Academic Press. 3a edition.↩
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  16. Jump up↑NCDT (2011). Report of the 2011 National Coffee Drinking Trends (NCDT).↩
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  18. Jump up↑GREENBERG, J. A. Et al.(2007) "Caffeinated beverage intake and the risk of heart disease mortality in the elderly: a prospective analysis". Am J Clin Nutr 85 (2): 392–8.↩
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  22. ↑ Jump up to:20.020.1CAIDWELL, John A. et al. (1999) "The Effects of Modafinil on Aviator Performance During 40 Hours of Continuous Wakefulness: A UH-60 Helicopter Simulator Study." Army aeromedical research unit fort rucker al.↩
  23. ↑ Jump up to:21.021.1CAIDWELL, John A. et al. (2004) "The Efficacy of Modafinil for Sustaining Alertness and Simulator Flight Performance in F-117 Pilots During 37 Hours of Continuous Wakefulness." Air Force Research lab brooks AFB TX, Human effectiveness Dir/Biodynamics and protection div.↩
  24. ↑ Jump up to:22.022.1LI Yanfeng, ZHAN Hao, XIN Yimei, et al. (2007) "Effects of modafinil on vestibular function during 24 hour sleep deprivation". Frontiers of medicine in China, Vol. 1, Number 2, 226-229.↩
  25. ↑ Jump up to:23.023.1BARANSKI, J. V. Et al. (2004) "Effects of modafinil on cognitive and meta-cognitive performance". Hum Psychopharmacol. 2004 Jul; Vol. 19(5):323-32.↩
  26. ↑ Jump up to:24.024.1MÜLLER, U. Et al. (2004) "Effects of modafinil on working memory processes in humans". Psychopharmacology (Berl.) Vol. 177 (1-2): 161–9.↩Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "mull1" defined multiple times with different content
  27. ↑ Jump up to:25.025.1TURNER, D. C et al. (2003). "Cognitive enhancing effects of modafinil in healthy volunteers". Psychopharmacology (Berl.) Vol. 165 (3): 260–9.↩
  28. ↑ Jump up to:26.026.1MULLER, U. et all. (2012) "Effects of modafinil on non-verbal cognition, task enjoyment and creative thinking in healthy volunteers." Neuropharmocology: 2012 (In press)↩
  29. ↑ Jump up to:27.027.1GILLEEN, J., et al. (2014). "Modafinil combined with cognitive training is associated with improved learning in healthy volunteers--a randomised controlled trial." European Neuropsychopharmacology : The Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 24(4), 529–39. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.01.001.↩
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  41. Jump up↑POHL, Rüdiger (orgs.). (2005) "Cognitive Illusions: A Handbook on Fallacies and Biases in Thinking, Judgement and Memory". Psychology Press. pp. 61-78↩
  42. Jump up↑BUSS, David(orgs.). (2005) "The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology". Wiley, New Jersey. pp. 739-740.↩
  43. Jump up↑BOSTROM, Nick & ORD, Toby. (2006) "The Reversal Test: Eliminating Status Quo Bias in Applied Ethics". Ethics 116 (Julho 2006): 656-679.↩