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Within the field of Machine Learning, reinforcement learning refers to the study of how an agent should choose its actions within an environment in order to maximize some kind of reward. Strongly inspired by the work developed in behavioral psychology it is essentially a trial and error approach to find the best strategy.

Related: Inverse Reinforcement Learning, Machine learning, Friendly AI, Game Theory, Prediction

Consider an agent that receives an input informing the agent of the environment's state. Based only on that information, the agent has to make a decision regarding which action to take, from a set, which will influence the state of the environment. This action will in itself change the state of the environment, which will result in a new input, and so on, each time also presenting the agent with the reward relative to its actions in the environment. The agent's goal is then to find the ideal strategy which will give the highest reward expectations over time, based on previous experience....

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