I try to practice independent reasoning/critical thinking, to challenge current solutions to be more considerate/complete. I do not reply to DMs for non-personal (with respect to the user who reached out directly) discussions, and will post here instead with reference to the user and my reply.
Oxford languages (or really just after googling) says "rational" is "based on or in accordance with reason or logic."
I think there are a lot of other types of definitions (I think lesswrong mentioned it is related to the process of finding truth). For me, first of all it is useful to break this down into two parts: 1) observation and information analysis, and 2) decision making.
For 1): Truth, but also particularly causality finding. (Very close to the first one you bolded, and I somehow feel many other ones are just derived from this one. I added causality because many true observations are not really causality).
For 2): My controversial opinion is everyone are probably/usually "rationalists" - just sometimes the reasonings are conscious, and other times they are sub/un-conscious. These reasonings/preferences are unique to each person. It would be dangerous in my opinion if someone try to practice "rationality" based on external reasonings/preferences, or reasonings/preferences that are only recognized by the person's conscious mind (even if a preference is short term). I think a useful practice is to 1. notice what one intuitively want to do vs. what one think they should do (or multiple options they are considering), 2. ask why there is the discrepancy, 3. at least surface the unconscious reasoning, and 4. weigh things (the potential reasonings that leads to conflicting results) out.
When thinking about deontology and consequentialism in application, it is useful to me to rate morality of actions based on intention, execution, and outcome. (Some cells are "na" as they are not really logical in real world scenarios.)
In reality, to me, it seems executed "some" intention matters (though I am not sure how much) the most when doing something bad, and executed to the best ability matters the most when doing something good.
It also seems useful to me, when we try to learn about applications of philosophy from law. (I am not an expert though in neither philosophy nor law, so these may contain errors.)
| Intention to kill the person | Executed "some" intention | Killed the person | "Bad" level | Law |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | 10 | murder |
| Yes | Yes | No | 8-10 | as an example, attempted first-degree murder is punished by life in state prison (US, CA) |
| Yes | No | Yes | na | |
| Yes | No | No | 0-5 | no law on this (I can imagine for reasons on "it's hard to prove") but personally, assuming multiple "episodes", or just more time, this leads to murder and attempted murder later anyways; very rare a person can have this thought without executing it in reality. |
| No | Yes | Yes | na | |
| No | Yes | No | na | |
| No | No | Yes | 0-5 | typically not a crime, unless something like negligence |
| No | No | No | 0 | |
| Intention save a person (limited decision time) | Executed intention to the best of ability | Saved the person | "Good" Level | |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | 10 | |
| Yes | Yes | No | 10 | |
| Yes | No | Yes | na | |
| Yes | No | No | 0-5 | |
| No | Yes | Yes | na | |
| No | Yes | No | na | |
| No | No | Yes | 0-5 | |
| No | No | No | 0 | |
| Intention to do good | Executed intention to the best of personal ability1[1] | Did good | "Good" Level | |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | 10 | |
| Yes | Yes | No | 8-10 | |
| Yes | No | Yes | na | |
| Yes | No | No | 0-5 | |
| No | Yes | Yes | na | |
| No | Yes | No | na | |
| No | No | Yes | 0-5 | |
| No | No | No | 0 |
Possible to collaborate when there is enough time.
If you look into a bit more history on social justice/equality problems, you would see we have actually made many many progress (https://gcdd.org/images/Reports/us-social-movements-web-timeline.pdf), but not enough as the bar was so low. These also have made changes in our law. Before 1879, women cannot be lawyers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_women_lawyers_in_the_United_States). On war, I don't have too much knowledge myself, so I will refrain from commenting for now. It is also my belief that we should not stop at attempt, but attempt is the first step (necessary but not sufficient), and they have pushed to real changes as history shown, but it will have to take piles of piles of work, before a significant change. Just because something is very hard to do, does not mean we should stop, nor there will not be a way (just like ensuring there is humanity in the future.) For example, we should not give up on helping people during war nor try to reduce wars in the first place, and we should not give up on preventing women being raped. In my opinion, this is in a way ensuring there is future, as human may very well be destroyed by other humans, or by mistakes by ourselves. (That's also why in the AI safety case, governance is so important so that we consider the human piece.)
As you mentioned political party - it is interesting to see surveys happening here; a side track - I believe general equality problems such as "women can go to school", is not dependent on political party. And something like "police should not kill a black person randomly" should not be supported just by blacks, but also other races (I am not black).
Thanks for the background otherwise.
What would be some concrete examples/areas to work on for human flourishing? (Just saw a similar question on the definition; I wonder what could be some concrete areas or examples)
True; and they would only need to merge up to they reach a "swing state" type of voting distribution.
That would be interesting; on the other hand, why not just merge all the states? I guess it would be a more dramatic change and may be harder to execute and unnecessary in this case.
Yes, what I meant is exactly "there is no must, but only want". But it feels like a "must" in some context that I am seeing, but I do not recall exactly where. And yeah true, there may be some survival bias.
I agree it is tragedy from human race's perspective, but I think what I meant is from a non-human perspective to view this problem. For example, to an alien who is observing earth, human is just another species that rise up as a dominant species, as a thought experiment.
(On humans prefer to be childless - actually this already slowed down in many countries due to cost of raising a child etc, but yeah this is a digress on my part.)
My two cents:
From these two above, seems it would be good for you to define/clarify what exactly you mean by "goals". I can see two definitions: 1. goals as in a loss function or objective that the algorithm is optimizing towards, 2. task specific goals like summarize an article, planning. There may be some other goals that I am unaware of, or this is obvious elsewhere in some context that I am not aware of. (From the shortform in the context shared, seems to be 1, but I have a vague feeling that 2 may not be aligned on this.)
For the example with dQw4w9WgXcQ in your initial operationalization, if this is higher frequency, yes I believe it will very likely generate a Q following dQw4w9WgXc (but I am not sure if this can be called a "causal link" from machine's perspective). A good paper is https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.07646 on frequency of this data and their rate of memorization if you were wondering if it is always (same context with training data, not different context/instruction).
I think that is probably not a good reason to be libertarian in my opinion? Could you also share maybe how much older were your than you siblings? If you are not that far apart, you and your siblings came from the same starting line, distributing is not going to happen in real life economically nor socially even if not libertarian (in real life, where we need equity is when the starting line is not the same and is not able to be changed by choice. A more similar analogy might be some kids are born with large ears, and large ears are favored by the society, and the large eared kids always get more candy). If you are ages apart with you being a lot older, it may make some limited sense to for your parents to re-distribute.
I think the title could be a bit more specific like - "involving political party in science discussions might not be productive", or something similar. If using the word "politics", it would be crucial to define what "politics" here mean or refer to. The reason I say this is "politics" might not be just about actual political party's power dynamics, but also includes general policy making, strategies, and history that aim to help individuals in the society, and many other aspects. These other types of things included in the word "politics" is crucial to consider when talking about many things (I think it is a little bit similar to precedents in law).
(Otherwise, if this article is about not bringing things all to political party level, I agree. I have observed that many things in the US at least are debated over political party lines, and if a political party debates about A, people reversely attribute some general social topics A to "political values or ideology", which is false to me.)