What are some examples from history where a scientific theory predicted a significant experimental observation in advance?
A few examples I can think of off the top of my head, to give a feel for the reference class I'm looking for: - The existence and position of Neptune were predicted from observations of Uranus's orbit, before anyone had ever observed Neptune directly - Black holes were predicted...
The OP mentioned non-DNA sources of information briefly, but I still feel like they're not being given enough weight.
In order to fully define e.g. a human, you need to specify:
If you gave a piece of DNA to an alien and didn't tell them how to interpret it, then they'd have no way of building a human. You'd need to give them a whole lot of other information too.
Even looking at different DNA for different organisms,... (read more)