Sets and functions are two of the most basic ideas in mathematics, and we'll need to know what they are to discuss some things about categories rigorously. Normally you'd learn about sets and functions way before encountering category theory, but in the spirit of assuming as little math as possible,...
Before we go through any more conceptual talk, let's explore some examples of categories to get a better feel of what they are. Categories do two things: 1) They function as mathematical structures that capture our intuition about how models of cause-and-effect (composition) work in general. 2) They generalize other...
Let me clarify what I mean when I say that math consists of nouns and verbs. Think about elementary school mathematics like addition and subtraction. What you learn to do is take a bunch of nouns—1, 2, 3, etc.—and a bunch of verbs—addition, subtraction—and make sentences. “1 + 2 =...
"Alice pushes Bob." "Cat drinks milk." "Comment hurts feelings." These are all different sentences that describe wildly different things. People are very different from cats, and cats are very different from comments. Bob, milk, and feelings don't have much to do with each other. Pushing, drinking, and (emotionally) hurting are...
Category theory is so general in its application that it really feels like everyone, even non-mathematicians, ought to at least conceptually grok that it exists, like how everyone ought to understand the idea of the laws of physics even if they don't know what those laws are. We expect educated...
Category theory is the mathematics of math—specifically, it's a mathematical theory of mathematical structure. It turns out that every kind of mathematics you're likely to encounter in a normal university education is just another kind of category—group theory falls under the category of groups, topology falls under the category of...