demarquis

The way a government normally services it's debts is to create new money,  and use that to pay off the debts. However, the principle way that government creates new money these days isn't to print it, it's to lower the interest rate so that private banks will borrow more money from it. This represents a credit, that then balances the debts the government owes (typically from selling bonds). Raise the interest rates, and banks will borrow less money from the government, tilting the balance toward debt. There is, however, another way to reduce debt, which is to sell fewer bonds. 

One problem with monetary policy is that new money (lowered rates) isn't distributed evenly across the population of consumers. It's a little like a Pachinko machine, where you drop the ball in the top and hope it ends up in a particular bucket. It only works if people spend their savings, and right now, that hasn't been happening. In theory, their bank should be spending it for them, in the form of business to business loans, but corporate lending has been somewhat disconnected from GDP growth for some time now, if you exclude security speculation from GDP growth (which I do because security markets are supposed to cause growth, not be the growth). One result has been increasing levels of wealth disparity. We don't need more money in the system, we need to distribute what there is more evenly (not perfectly evenly). 

Confiscatory taxes, anyone?

For my part, I think Dumbledore could have made a more compelling argument. One can easily claim that one should fear death, and that in fact everyone alive already does, whatever their belief system says. But saying that is like saying one should wash one's hands before eating, until someone washes their hands until they bleed. Or that protecting people against harm is a good thing, until someone enslaves everyone against their will in order to better protect them...

Dark wizards do not merely fear death, or simply desire immortality, like we all do. They are obsessed with it--consumed with it, to the point of a mental illness, such that they are willing to do any harm to anyone in order to avoid their own mortality. That was the element in Voldomort's psyche that Dumbledore couldn't understand. 

I don't think Harry understands it either. 

Neither have I, but I would have understood immediately, while still lying on the floor. In fact, I would have anticipated it. I think it's a matter of how cynical you are, which is sometimes a function of how often you were disappointed in people as a child or teenager.