Underdog strategies often involve innovation. (OP mentions David vs Goliath as a classic underdog narrative; another commenter points out that David's sling & stones were a superior strategy in that combat.) Favoring underdogs could increase the larger group's exposure to innovation, indirectly helping it learn and adapt to new conditions.
I appreciate this article. I don't see the value of complicated grief, but I believe that would fall under your "wound" heading. If someone sees value in it, I'd be interested to hear your thoughts.
Interesting that the two questions producing the highest misalignment are the unlimited power prompts (world ruler, one wish).
Re "universal representation of behaviour which is aligned / not aligned"--reminiscent of an idea from linguistics. Universal Grammar provides a list of parameters; all languages have the same list. (Example: can you drop a subject pronoun? In English the answer is no, in Spanish the answer is yes.) Children start with all parameters on the default setting; only positive evidence will induce them to reset a parameter. (So for pro-drop, they need to hear a sentence--as in Spanish--where the subject pronoun has been dropped.) Evidence came from the mistakes children make when learning a language, and also from creole languages, which were said to maintain the default parameter settings. I don't know if this idea is still current in linguistics.
Are trickster myths a type of underdog narrative? They typically show cleverness, courage, and ingenuity winning out over brute strength and established authority. Could they be viewed as a form of cognitive training? My impression is that they are widespread in non-Christian cultures.