How do you know that my brain doesn't have algorithms running for all of these problems?

Surely for tea making it's something like this: I want tea -- Do I have all ingredients? -- (Water) yes, (Tea bag) no -- Do I go to the store? -- Is the store open etc...

I'm having trouble thinking of methods of problem solving that are non-algorithmic. Can anyone provide me with an example?

...but be sure you don't forget what the exam is for.

Yes, thank you for saying this. It is my intention to actually learn the material, not merely pass the exam.

I am a student entering University that just found out that he will have to take some placement exams during orientation. Specifically for Chemistry 131 and Calculus 1. I'm pretty sure that I can place into Cal 1, but I've never taken Chemistry before. I think it would be a cool challenge to see if I can teach myself Chemistry well enough to pass an exam by the time mid June rolls around.

If anyone wants to help just send me a PM telling me what your experience with basic Chemistry has been, and what you think I should focus on for the exam.

I know this isn't anything cool, but it's what I'm working on. It will also be interesting to see how well I am able to use my instrumental rationality to achieve this goal of mine, so I could make it interesting by keeping y'all updated? I don't know, just please let me know if you have thoughts for me.

A weblog called StudyHacks has articles about passion that I think you would find interesting.

Specifically The Passion Trap and The Danger of Dream Job Delusion.

EDIT: FORMATTING

there's a huge difference between realizing that one's fireplace is dangerous and realizing that one's entire belief system is completely wrong

Good point! I equated the two because that is what my experience was like. That is, my apostasy was more akin to a Fireplace Delusion than to an overhauling of my map.

I fixed it, thank you very much.

I interpreted it to mean that if you adhere to logical principles based on a rational view of reality, you will be better because you do so.

So, yes you're right. I would just change it to this: Do X because then you'll get status.

While status isn't the focus, it could (and likely will be) a product of what you're doing.

...the other, to change thy opinion, if there is anyone at hand who sets thee right and moves thee from any opinion. But this change of opinion must proceed only from a certain persuasion, as of what is just or of common advantage, and the like, not because it appears pleasant or brings reputation.

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations.

Within ten days thou wilt seem a god to those to whom thou art now a beast and an ape, if thou wilt return to thy principles and to worshiping of reason

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations.