I do use «который из них… ?» non archaically to ask which one out of a row of similar objects, but it corresponds one to one to the English “which”. I think the OPs word is narrower, just about the numbers, not sure if folklore has it. I’d say который час is just “which hour” and there is literally no other way to distinguish hours from each other.  

Necessary law of equal and opposite advice mention here: “You can only do as much in a day as you can do.”

Fun and heartwarming 🥰 
That’s sort of a thing I sometimes dream of doing with my (imaginary) nephews. Thanks for the post! 

Cool quadrant, I'll remember it! Thanks!

I’ve never met this in the Russian math Olympiad tradition, would be glad to give you something similar, but I don’t believe it exists… Журнал «Квантик» could be of interest if you by chance know Russian 

Very cool post, even if a bit lengthy! I’d suggest adding a small “Level 0”: sleeping well, staying physically healthy, and getting at least some support from other people. These basics often dissolve a surprising number of problems before anything deeper is needed.  

I’d also emphasize that Levels 2–4 blend together quite a lot. If I’m understanding correctly, Level 2 resembles working with protectors in IFS, while Level 3 is closer to working with exiles. But in practice the boundaries blur: treating protectors with care often brings you into contact with exiles, which in turn requires the skill of “just being with” and to noticing Buddhist hindrances - something very similar to Levels 3 and 4, Healing exiles tends to clarify awareness, without which insight, steadier samadhi, and more authentic brahmavihāra practice are impossible. Those practices, in turn, necessarily involve meeting whatever emotions arise and transforming them in the process. So it’s not only that the levels reinforce one another; in some respects they’re almost facets of the same process.  

I suppose it’s obvious I belong to the “emotional work” fan club 😁

It’s different: sometimes it’s spacious calmness of being able to sit in silence together; sometimes warm feelings of seeing and being seen, when discussing something private with a good friend; or just listening to a really good story. IIRC I also included dates into conversations back then, they have a different dynamic, where a lot of pleasure is feeling a young beautiful woman being with me. 

— this is a very particular feeling you have and those differ a lot in where they appear for different people, how they feel and what they’re about. Not having seen other people’s answers I‘d bet your hypothesis to be wrong. 

I don’t think happiness is a real catch-22. A catch-22 is a structural deadlock; here it’s more a matter of skill. People often get less happy when they pursue happiness because they use counterproductive methods — constant self-checking, chasing novelty, or looking only to external fixes, instead of, say, finding a therapist or working out what’s actually making them unhappy. Theravāda Buddhism frames this well: Right Effort uses wholesome desire (chanda) early on to let go of attachments and build skill, and only later releases even that desire. Likewise, early pursuit of happiness can work if guided by good methods and awareness of failure modes — and rationality also shouldn’t backfire if you read about those failure modes and know why you’re doing it.

Rare to see something heartwarming on LW, thanks!