But are you sure the way in which he is unique among people you've met is mostly about intelligence rather than intelligence along with other traits?

I think you're massively overestimating Eliezer Yudkowsky's intelligence. I would guess it's somewhere between +2 and +3 SD.

Who are some other examples?

What did you think of?

Even if it wasn't meant to be an allegory for race science, I'm pretty sure it was meant to be an allegory for similarly-taboo topics rather than religion. Religious belief just isn't that taboo.

There are more rich people that choose to give up the grind than poor people.

Did you mean to say "There are more poor people that choose to give up the grind than rich people?"

So, according to this estimate, if we could freeze-frame a single moment of our working memory and then explain all of the contents in natural language, it would take about a minute to accomplish.

This seems like a potentially misleading description of the situation. It seems to say that the contents of working memory could always be described in one minute of natural language, but this is not implied (as I'm sure you know based on your reasoning in this post). A 630-digit number cannot be described in one minute of natural language. 2016 bits of memory and about 2016 bits of natural language per minute really means that if our working memory was perfectly optimized for storing natural language and only natural language, it could store about one minute of it.

(And on that note, how much natural language can the best memory athletes store in their working memory? One minute seems low to me. If they can actually store more, it would show that your bit estimate is too low.)

Even assuming perfect selfishness, sometimes the best way to get what you want (X) is to coordinate to change the world in a way that makes X plentiful, rather than fighting over the rare Xs that exist now, and in that way, your goals align with other people who want X.

E.g. learning when you're rationalizing, when you're avoiding something, when you're deluded, [...] when you're really thinking about something else, etc.

It seems extremely unlikely that these things could be seen in fMRI data.

I think I got it. Right after the person buys X for $1, you offer to buy it off them for $2, but with a delay, so they keep X for another month before the sale goes through. After the month passes, they now value X at $3 so they are willing to pay $3 to buy it back from you, and you end up with +$1.