I don't have much successful experience but I am (slowly) working my way through Musicians Way https://www.musiciansway.com/practice/ which has some good ideas and worksheet templates for deliberate practice. I have frequently thought that integrating SRS into my music practice would help recall (trying to expand my memorized repertoire as well) but I haven't implemented anything there yet. Would love to hear other ideas.

Protein structure prediction (admittedly, humans are surprisingly good at this, but AlphaFold is better)

Protein folding problems are cool and all, but as a computational biologist, I do think people underrate simpler ML models on a variety of problems. Researchers have to make a lot of decisions - such as which hits to follow up on in a high throughput screen. The data to inform these kinds of tasks can be expressed as tabular data and decision trees can perform quite well!