normally when I think about this problem I resolve it as "what narrow capabilities can we build that are helpful 'to the workflow' of people solving illegible problems, that aren't particularly bad from a capabilities standpoint".

Do you have any writings about this, e.g., examples of what this line of thought led to?

I agree this is a major risk. (Another one is that it's just infeasible to significantly increase AI philosophical competence in the relevant time frame. Another one is that it's much easier to make it appear like the AI is more philosophically competent, giving us false security.) So I continue to think that pausing/stopping AI should be plan A (which legibilizing the problem of AI philosophical competence can contribute to), with actually improving AI philosophical competence as (part of) plan B. Having said that, 2 reasons this risk might not bear out:

1. Empirically the best capabilities people (e.g., STEM/finance workers, managers, politicians) tent to be distinct from the best philosophers. And there are whole cultures (e.g. China) getting very good at STEM but still far behind at making philosophical progress.
   1. But the opportunity cost of learning additional skills for AIs appears much lower than for humans, so this pattern might not carry forward to future AIs.
2. If I'm right about "philosophy reasoning" being some kind of (currently opaque) general but slow problem solving method, and we already have more legible, specialized, and faster methods for specific areas, such as math, science, and engineering, with "philosophical problems" being left-over problems that lack such faster methods, then making AIs better at philosophical reasoning ought to help with philosophical problems more than other types of problems.
   1. But philosophical reasoning can still help with "non-philosophical" problems, if those problems have some parts that are "more philosophical" that can be sped up by applying good philosophical reasoning. 

To conclude I'm quite worried about the risks/downsides of trying to increase AI philosophical competence, but it seems to a problem that has to be solved eventually. "The only way out is through" but we can certainly choose to do it at a more opportune time, when humans are much smarter on average and have made a lot more progress in metaphilosophy (understanding the nature of philosophy and philosophical reasoning).

even on alignment

I see a disagreement vote on this, but I think it does make sense. Alignment work at the AI labs will almost by definition be work on legible problems, but we should make exceptions for people who can give reasons for why their work is not legible (or otherwise still positive EV), or who are trying to make illegible problems more legible for others at the labs.

Think more seriously about building organizations that will make AI power more spread out.

I start to disagree from here, as this approach would make almost all of the items on my list worse, and I'm not sure which ones it would make better. You started this thread by say "Even if we solved metaethics and metaphilosophy tomorrow, and gave them the solution on a plate, they wouldn't take it." which I'm definitely very worried about, but how does making AI power more spread out help with this? Is the average human (or humanity collectively) more likely to be concerned about metaethics and metaphilosophy than a typical AI lab leader, or easier to make concerned? I think the opposite is more likely to be true?

I'm uncertain between conflict theory and mistake theory, and think it partly depends on metaethics, and therefore it's impossible to be sure which is correct in the foreseeable future - e.g., if everyone ultimately should converge to the same values, then all of our current conflicts are really mistakes. Note that I do often acknowledge conflict theory, like in this list I have "Value differences/conflicts between humans". It's also quite possible that it's really a mix of both, that some of the conflicts are mistakes and others aren't.

In practice I tend to focus more on mistake-theoretic ideas/actions. Some thoughts on this:

1. If conflict theory is true, then I'm kind of screwed anyway, having invested little human and social capital into conflict-theoretic advantages, as well as not having much talent or inclination in that kind of work in the first place.
2. I do try not to interfere people doing conflict-theoretic work (on my side), e.g., not berate them for having "bad epistemics" or not adopting mistake theory lenses, etc.
3. It may be nearly impossible to convince some decision makers that they're making mistakes, but perhaps others are more open to persuasion, e.g. people in charge of or doing ground-level work on AI advisors or AI reasoning.
4. Maybe I can make a stronger claim that a lot of people are making mistakes, given current ethical and metaethical uncertainty. In other words, people should be unsure about their values, including how selfish or altruistic they should be, and under this uncertainty they shouldn't be doing something like trying to max out their own power/resources at the expense of the commons or by incurring societal-level risks. If so, then perhaps an AI advisor who is highly philosophically competent can realize this too and convince its principle of the same, before it's too late.

(I think this is probably the first time I've explicitly written down the reasoning in 4.)

I think we need a different plan.

Do you have any ideas in mind that you want to talk about?