(This post is to a significant extent just a rewrite of this excellent comment from niplav. It is one of the highest-leverage insights I know for learning faster.)
To a large extent we learn by updating on feedback. You might e.g. get positive feedback from having an insight that lets you solve a math problem, which then reinforces the thought patterns that lead you to this insight.
Key insight: Feedback should be accurate, fast, and rich.
This one is obvious: The feedback should rarely be bad. Learning from an accurate evaluation source is much faster than learning from a noisy one.
Example: If you research with an advisor who gives you feedback on your ideas as you have them, you learn faster if the feedback is always good than if the advisor sometimes makes mistakes.
The faster you get the feedback for something you have done, the fresher are the thought patterns you used in your mind, the better you can update.
Example Applications:
When someone tells you “you screwed up”, this is less useful than when someone tells you “you screwed up, here’s what you should’ve done instead …” (assuming accurate feedback). Supervised learning is faster than reinforcement learning.
Example Applications:
(Recall reminder for reader: You have the option to pause and quickly summarize what you learned from reading this post so far, to better consolidate your understanding.)
I recommend telling your tutor to just say thoughts that are relatively close to your current skill level, so you sorta could've thought of that. Your tutor shouldn't just go ahead and present the advanced solution which you didn't have a chance to find.
Btw, I didn't test whether this kind of tutoring works well, but I'd guess it does, at least if you have a decent tutor.
If you don't have one, change your life so you always have at least one.
Bonus points if you apply the murphyjitsu technique (shorter post) to optimize your plan.