Are you looking for this like this?

Reification/Reify
Value-judgement
Exaptation=take something initially formed in service of A, and apply it to B. Evolutionary science jargon that can be generalized.
Scarcity mindset
conscientiousness

Is it the words or the concepts that you're interested in here?

There's obviously a lot of value in having e.g. the concept of "confounder" available to you, and if you knew of it but were in danger of forgetting it then it would make sense to try to get it better fixed in your head. But if you have the concept of confounders, but were in danger of forgetting the word, it seems to me like that matters much less. Your thinking won't be too badly impaired by having to replace "confounder" with "wossname", or with "something irrelevant that produces similar effects to the thing I'm interested in", or whatever.

So are you looking for particularly valuable concepts that have single-non-jargon-word names, or are you looking for cases where the words themselves are valuable (e.g., because it's extra-useful to be able to use them in discussion with other people)?

What do you mean by "plain language"? I think all of "corollary", "stochastic", and "confounder" are jargon. They might be handy to use in a non-technical context too (although I question the use of "stochastic" over "random"), but only if the reader is also familiar with the jargon.

I also wasn't familiar with "mu" at all, and Wikipedia suggests that "n/a" provides a similar meaning while being more widely known.