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Human minds form various abstractions over our environment. These abstractions are sometimes fuzzy (too large to fit into working memory) or leaky (they can fail).
Mathematics is the study of what happens when your abstractions are completely non-fuzzy (always fit in working memory) and completely non-leaky (never fail). And also the study of which abstractions can do that.
Working memory bounds isn't super related to non-fuzzy-ness, as you can have a window which slides over context and is still rigorous at every step. Absolute local validity due to well-specifiedness of axioms and rules of inference is closer to the core.
(realised you mean that the axioms and rules of inference are in working memory, not the whole tower, retracted)