Not a new point but perennially worth noting: subcultures persist via failure. That is to say that subcultures that succeed obviate themselves. This is concretely noticeable in ways that, coming in as an outsider, a subculture about X will have a bunch of mysterious self sabotage behavior that actually keeps ¬X persistent.
Adding to this: an interesting frame is to think about how subcultures develop illegible shadow structures beyond their legible structure and communities. Similar to how banks/bureaucracies do: https://www.bitsaboutmoney.com/archive/seeing-like-a-bank/
I agree with the anarchopunk thing, and maybe afrofuturism, because you can interpret "a subculture advocating for X will often not think about some important component W of X for various political reasons" as self-sabotage. But on BDSM, this is not at all my model of fetishes, and I would bet at 2.5:1 odds that you would lose a debate against what Wikipedia says, judged by a neutral observer.
2mako yass
I don't recognize wikipedia's theories as predictive. Mine has some predictions, but I hope it's obvious why I would not be interested in making this a debate or engaging much in the conceptual dismantling of subcultures at all.