This is a linkpost for https://www.lsusr.com/blog/history-of-color-in-chinese.html
I have nothing to offer other than that I really enjoyed this. I got the same kind of pleasure from reading about the evolution and history of Chinese characters I get from reading about wester-style etymologies where writing and pronunciation are linked.
If we use the ancient character "赤" for red instead of the modern character "红" then the first four colors in Geiger's sequence are all simple Kangxi radicals and the rest are all composite characters with at least two radicals.
More evidence for rubrication as a design principle! :)
I've recently started to give a lot more credence to the weak sapir-whorf hypothesis - language not as a formal system that we use everywhere in the brain, but just as a high-level method we use to construct a distribution over lower-level sense data, which then affects perception via the top-down part of inference. The weirdness of color perception and language I think backs this up, but it's also interesting to think about the reverse process of the language/model becoming richer like this. Humans are really amazing.
The linked post is better because you can see the colors.
Older Chinese characters tend to be simpler. You can use this to measure the relative ages of ancient concepts.
For example, the Chinese characters for colors are:
The simplest characters are written with a single radical. The oldest radicals are all Kangxi radicals. White 白, black 黑 and yellow 黄 are all written with a single Kangxi radical. The other colors contain at least two radicals.
This fits almost perfectly with Lazarus Geiger’s evolutionary progression[1] which goes black and white ➝ red ➝ yellow ➝ green ➝ blue. The only color out-of-place is red 红.
Wait a minute...I can't recall ever encountering the character "红" in ancient Chinese poetry.
That's because "红" is a relatively new character for the word "red". The traditional five colors 青黄赤白黑 use the Kangxi radical "赤" for red instead of "红". Mystery solved!
If we use the ancient character "赤" for red instead of the modern character "红" then the first four colors in Geiger's sequence are all simple Kangxi radicals and the rest are all composite characters with at least two radicals.
It gets better. Did you notice how we've only used four of the five colors so far? Take a closer look at the five colors 青黄赤白黑. They include qīng 青, the color of nature, spanning blue and green. It is the 5th and 6th color in Geiger's progression. Qīng 青 is written with a single Kangxi radical.
If all you have are black, white, red and yellow, and then creating a single new color for blue and green is not unusual.
Bastian also argued that Tagalog speakers in the Philippines had not even distinguished between green and blue until the arrival of the Spanish colonizers, because the Tagalog words for “green” and “blue” were clearly recent borrowings from Spanish verde and azul. And he claimed that the language of the Teda tribe in Chad still did not distinguish green from blue at all
― Through the Looking Glass: Why the World Looks Different in Other Languages by Guy Deutscher
Today, qīng 青 is used in more poetic contexts while green 绿 and blue 蓝 are used in less poetic contexts.
For more information about Lazarus Geiger's work, see Chapter 4 of Through the Looking Glass: Why the World Looks Different in Other Languages by Guy Deutscher. ↩︎