This is a special post for quick takes by leogao. Only they can create top-level comments. Comments here also appear on the Quick Takes page and All Posts page.
one intuition pump i like: suppose an alien showed up and claimed to fully understand GPT-5, but alas, the details are far too complicated to fit in a human brain. what questions could you ask the alien in order to prove that it truly does have some kind of insight?
ideally, a good question would be something that is:
very costly to answer with only black box access,
vastly easier with mechanistic understanding,
useful to answer even up to superintelligence scale,
after some more thought, my guess is that the method itself might not scale very far if you ban "magic ood generalization" but (i) they will definitely explore the problem in more depth and (ii) they might come up with lots more empirical settings / metrics that capture the spirit of what you want
my take is you need to either eliminate magic ood generalization or specifically study the magic ood generalization really carefully, like actually do science on it, not that typical ML paper stuff where you show that it "works sometimes i guess"