[Feedback from a private channel which I am reposting here at Lorxus' request.] This post is excellent.
This is fascinating. My internal voice is full of words, words, words. Words are everywhere and cheap.
But there is a point in learning to actively speak a foreign language where my native language is suppressed, hard, in order to allow the new language a chance to take over as the language of thought. And while the new language is weak enough, I can see the shapes of my wordless thoughts. But I cannot describe them, because I temporarily lack words.
With time and practice, enough words return that the wordless thoughts are harder to see.
This is followed by another strange phenomenon. There will come a time where, if I speak my new language exclusively for a day or so, suddenly switching back to my native language will then result in me translating thoughts from my new language into my native one. This is a frustratingly imprecise process, because I choose my words carefully, and because some of them translate into my native language with a different nuance than I want. Once the language switch finishes, 15-30 minutes later, I resume picking words precisely in my native language and no long feel the frustration of [back translation]."
The one other time that my wordless thoughts become visible is in collaborative professional work, especially with people new to the field. I will occasionally catch myself trying to boil down decades of experience: "That will not fit well here, because it's an [untranslatable]." Some random examples include [error-masking-retry-system], [budgeted-capacity-system-that-will-increase-complexity-costs-to-cheat-queuing-theory-badly], [charmingly-naive-ai-plan-that-even-the-smartest-people-in-the-world-all-fell-for-too-until-they-tried-it], and even [personal-version-of-second-system-effect-from-talented-juniors-who-have-been-burned-by-lack-of-structure-but-not-yet-lack-of-simplicity]. Many of these can be unpacked into words, but those words do not necessarily create corresponding structures in the listener's mind, not unless I unpack the atomic thoughts into an entire essay.
Now that I think about it, it seems that much of Less Wrong is people writing essays to unpack bits of atomic mental vocabulary for others. So thank you for identifying this pattern.
For the first word, I would just say "gridlocked" and rely on context. For the 'whichth', there are words in other languages besides English (котрий in Ukrainian, который in Russian, ...) Context, in general, creates sense just great, which is why these words do not seem that much of a necessity to me.
I assume from your name that you're Ukraininan, so maybe котрий is used in Ukrainian that way, but in Russian I personally would never use "который" in the meaning described here. I think the only examples I've seen of it being used in that way are in archaic folklore.
I do use «который из них… ?» non archaically to ask which one out of a row of similar objects, but it corresponds one to one to the English “which”. I think the OPs word is narrower, just about the numbers, not sure if folklore has it. I’d say который час is just “which hour” and there is literally no other way to distinguish hours from each other.
entries from a dictionary that will never exist, even though it should.
Reminds me of the Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows.
Spoons are for doing ordinary things, doing things at all. [Blood] is for doing difficult things, doing them more or harder, doing them at significant internal cost.
Somewhat related to 5 is the real but much underused word ‘velleity’ (which I use a lot), meaning an extremely slight preference or desire, so slight that you can’t be bothered to do anything to fulfill it.
(Eg watching rubbishy TV late at night, very slightly inclined to change channel but not enough to press the button on the remote.)
Somewhat related to 1 is a word for being stuck thinking how to express a complicated thought (rather than choosing between thoughts). Not quite the same as tongue-tied as this involves intense thinking (rather than eg being nervous).
(Example: some trains from Cambridge, UK to London are fast, some are slow (stopping at many stations). Sometimes there are two trains on adjacent platforms, a slow train leaving first, then a fast train leaving second (but often arriving first). Many a time I have observed passengers (and myself experienced) going up to a staff member and then freezing while trying to form the relevant question, viz: I’m going to London, so in order to arrive sooner, should I get on this slow train that’s about to leave or the fast train leaving later?)
It would be nice to have vocabulary to differentiate between [word-stuck-because-branching-paths], [word-stuck-because-complicated], [word-stuck-because-can't-remember-words], and [word-stuck-because-put-off-balance] (tongue-tied).
Though it also comes to mind that with the right crowd, a sufficiently explanatory bracketed statement can just be said in full to achieve the same effect.
(also, these words are highly context-dependent, by design. This means they acquire meaning from the other, load-bearing words. To explain their own work, it would be advantageous to provide examples in which using them changes the hearer's understanding of the sentence or re-structures the dialogue.)
(With thanks to @TsviBT, @Lucie Philippon, and @johnswentworth for encouragement and feedback, among many.)
Seven entries from a dictionary that will never exist, even though it should. The words in [brackets] show up with some frequency in my thoughts, and I struggle with English’s semantic poverty. Some of them show up in other languages, like Korean or Lojban. Others among them, people I’ve spoken to share in wishing were wider-used words.
[untranslatable 1: word-clogged/interference-silent] (adj): Of a person or their state of mind. Descriptive of the phenomenon where a person has multiple different things to say about a specific topic, or multiple different responses or reactions to a remark an interlocutor has made, only one of which can be taken. To be tongue-tied not out of a lack of things to say, but out of an overabundance of mutually exclusive things to say, all of equal priority, especially when each thing to say would result in following importantly different conversational paths. Often used instead in its natural verb form, which means “to be silent as a result of [word-clog]”. Also used to describe the related phenomenon of being tongue-tied because of having multiple things to say where some of the things a speaker would like to say would provide vital context for others, such that there isn’t even a natural topological ordering that might resolve the [word-clog] with purely linear speech; this is sometimes more specifically called being [untranslatable 1a: word-tangled, loop-silent].
[untranslatable 2: vanilla-obvious/mathproof-step-canonical] (adj, MAT): Characteristic of or inherent to obvious correct choices and canonical courses of action. Natural or obviously indicated on a tactical or strategic level, to the point that making any other choice is a clear risk, even if for some cases of [vanilla-obviousness] a small one. Examples might include the clear correct thing to say, the obvious right gift to give someone, or a safe and desirable fallback option. Canonical, obvious, natural, even boring, but in a good way; vanilla. There is technically a choice to be made but not really, not unless you want something specific and unusual. Math promotes and is full of this; before vanilla, rose flavor in desserts would have been this. Notable for having been a concept independently converged on in [counterhistory] by mathematicians, cooks, military strategists, and operations specialists, all during the same era.
See also: [only-move], when in fact the other options really are vastly worse, not just explicit and possibly-risky choices.
[untranslatable 3: overtread!/follow-steps!] (exc/voc): Like “[farewell!]” and “[hunt’s-luck!/good-skill!]”, one of the “friendly”-class vocatives or exclamations, as contrasted with the other classes: “grumpy” - e.g. “[go-away!]”, “neutral-[phatic]” - e.g. “[acknowledged!]”, and “neutral-[forceful]” - e.g. “[alert!]”. Used when receiving advice that ex ante would be a genuinely good suggestion, but which the speaker of [follow-steps!] has already tried and found wanting, or else taken into account and has very good factual or motivational reasons for not following. Comes with the friendly connotation that the advice-giver has good calibration, has made an otherwise-excellent recommendation, and/or has been virtuous in checking.
See also: [untranslatable 3a: ate-berries!], which instead carries the denotation that the speaker has already followed the advice to completion and reaped the rewards, but cannot or should not do so a second time, e.g. a book recommendation.
[untranslatable 4: whichth?] (int, KOR/JBO): Roughly, “where does this occur in the obvious ordering?”. Applicable to skillrank orderings, temporal orderings, occurrence counts, and preference orderings; the expected answer is an [ordinal-integer] like “third”, or a [bare-integer] like “three” in casual speech. If applied to temporal ordering and not otherwise specified, the most recent occurrence of the reference is taken as the zeroth occurrence, such that “zeroth” is a perfectly fine answer, as are constructions like “negative-first”. Notably, three major [Language] constructions are on display: the productivity of almost all classes of words, that is, most word-classes are semi-open; the fact that like for most [Language] interrogatives, [mu] is a perfectly reasonable answer, e.g.: “[Whichth] lesson do we learn about French history during?/[Mu]??? This is biology class.”; and the fact that for most [Language] interrogatives, the question-word starts the sentence.
See also: other single-syllable question-words which occur in only a few natural or constructed Earth languages, including [untranslatable 4a: how-proportion/prevalence?] and its derived form [untranslatable 4b: how-intensity-weighted-prevalence/many?], [untranslatable 4c: exist-there/possible-that?], [untranslatable 4d: pick-subset?] and its derived form [untranslatable 4e: rank-[indicated]-subset?] which requires a valence (positive or negative) to [indicate] the subset or a quality whose presence gives the [indicated] subset, [untranslatable 4f: binary-logical-choice?] e.g. “Would you like soup [binary-logical-choice?] salad?"/"[And].”, and of course, the [Language]’s most common question-word, [untranslatable 4g: ?is-true/false], for which “true”, “false”, “[mu]”, and “[it’s-complicated]” are the four expected classes of answer in rough descending order of prevalence.
[untranslatable 5: least-victory/one-point-win] (n): An outcome which can just barely be called a success - but can in fact be called a success. A victory which narrowly justifies the cost to achieve it. Connotationally comes with a mood both of ambitious grief, that the outcome was not a [grand-sucess] or even a [lesser-success], and also relief that the venture did not fail to recoup costs or fail altogether, or even come to the sick-feeling tension of a [tie-game] or the dullness of a [bust-game].
[untranslatable 6: lantern-oil, unreal-blood, chi] (n): From cognitive psychology and philosophy of mind, adapted from an older term shared between pre-Enlightenment philosophy and prescientific medicine. A [knowingly-fictitious] mental or internal resource which can or must be consumed for things like greater and extended focus on a task, commitment to a course of action, and the making of difficult but clear choices. Importantly, it has a fairly small maximum capacity; it persists between days; it can be stolen or siphoned away by environments or people; it can be restored to varying extents through physical and mental exercises, explicit meditation, social nutrition, and certain high-quality foods; and it can be spent down to permit [unreal-spoon]-debt and in some cases [ignited] to bring about [battle-short].
Measured in “motes” or “drops”. See also: ego-depletion, [unreal-spoon], volition, willpower.
[untranslatable 7: rabbithole(/trainstation)] (n, ASL): Of a conversation that the speaker has entered in the middle of, the “entry point” or necessary context to understand the remarks being made. The rabbit-hole that those in the conversation have followed down, or the train-station that those in the conversation have boarded at. Usually used in the set phrase “Show me the [rabbithole](, please).” Unlike the common ASL phrase “TRAIN GO STATION SORRY”, connotationally the speaker can expect to be either shown the [rabbithole] or explicitly told that the context is private, or more rarely apologetically informed that the context is too deep or too broad.
Not to be confused with rabbit-hole, the literal entry to a rabbit warren.