What information has surprised you most recently?

[-]Scott Alexander13y540

Sex education (including non-abstinence) may not work at all, and if it does work it works only in a very weak and limited way.

Eating cholesterol doesn't cause high blood cholesterol. Eating saturated fat probably doesn't cause higher blood cholesterol. High blood cholesterol levels are protective against cancer and the mortality gain here probably outweighs any mortality loss from cardiovascular disease. The entire science of cholesterol is confused and terrible and practically every statement you have ever heard that includes the word "cholesterol" is very likely a lie. (link to a readable blog post with some of this, but you can also find it all in big-name medical journals)

The (good!) effect of drinking alcohol on life expectancy is super strong. Drinking wine a few times a week is correlated with up to four years gain in lifespan (effect mostly found in the middle-aged, might not be such a good idea in young), and people who are smart and understand that correlation isn't always causation have amassed some decent evidence that at least some of this might be causal.

Labeling the amount of calories in food (for example on McDonald's restaurant menus) totally fails to c... (read more)

[-]hyporational13y190

I'm a fifth year med student from Finland, a long time lurker, and you provoked me to post the first time. Thank you for that, I'm a terrible procrastinator. I'm a also big fan of many of your submissions. The alcohol fact seems right and the other two I can't comment on, so I'll focus on cholesterol. In this case I'm surprised of seeing no criticism.

If the information you present about cholesterol is true, I am highly surprised too, and I hope you're right because otherwise the information is potentially very deadly. The effect, whatever the direction, is amplified by you being a high status member of this community. If there were no other comments on this, I wouldn't bother either.

I would like to see the sources that REALLY changed your mind, and the link you provide doesn't seem to contain any good sources at a glance. The post that Kresser links to has sources that are ancient. I looked up on Chris Kresser, and he is a licenced acupuncturist trained in some version of chinese medicine. This doesn't exactly make me trust him as a source of medical information.

From what I've read, in big-name medical journals you can find that the case about cholesterol is hardly settled for good... (read more)

[-]Scott Alexander13y190

Yes, I understand your indignation and I should not have been as quick to spurt that out without more information. I've tried to justify everything I've said above with data from Framingham and the Cochrane Collaboration, but I hope you'll forgive me if I have to lapse into a few sources from less hallowed publications once in a while.

"Eating cholesterol doesn't cause high blood cholesterol."

Since only citing things from Framingham or Cochrane is a hard constraint to keep I am forced to commit the minor sin of citing a work not published in a peer-reviewed journal and refer you to the Framingham Diet Study, a subpart of the Framingham Heart Study whose methodology was published appropriately but whose results for some reason weren't. A guy who tracked down the results reports on them here and finds that

"With one exception there was no discernible association between reported diet intake and serum cholesterol level in the Framingham Diet Study Group. The one exception was a weak negative association between caloric intake and serum cholesterol level in men. [As to] coronary heart disease–was it related prospectively to diet. No relationship was found."

If you... (read more)

[-]hyporational13y110

That was fast. This is why I love you and the rest of the community.

Before I say anything else, let me remind everyone of something. Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease. When we're talking about arterial disease, mortality is not the only endpoint we're interested in. Most of the time a cardiovascular event will not kill you, it will leave you disabled. It's also a hell of a painful way to die. A stroke very rarely kills you, but most of the time leaves you less functional. Microinfarctions in the brain will cause dementia, but you might not die of it. Atherosclerosis in the leg will first make you lose sensation and function in the leg, and later you might lose the whole leg. That will probably not be lethal either. It would of course be intellectually dishonest to say that these events are not correlated with mortality, however.

Since only citing things from Framingham or Cochrane is a hard constraint to keep I am forced to commit the minor sin of citing a work not published in a peer-reviewed journal and refer you to the Framingham Diet Study, a subpart of the Framingham Heart Study whose methodology was published appropriately but whose results for some reason weren't. A guy

... (read more)

9Scott Alexander13y

If I understand correctly, the original source is this. I can't find any way to access it online, but everyone who talks about it says the results mentioned in that blog post and no one says otherwise, so I'm assuming they didn't just make it up. I see where you're coming from. On the other hand, there is a $40 billion diet industry telling people to eat less fat and causing a spectacular amount of mental anguish around this idea (I don't know if this is true in Finland; it's definitely a big deal in America). That eating less fat has literally zero effect on any outcome seems like something we should be trying to make more widely known, whether or not the small effect of changing fat types on events but not mortality holds up. Apparently not; I know I've heard this but my attempts to Google a study in humans failed. I did find something in rabbits showing effects regardless of cholesterol, but even that wasn't a direct comparison. Right, but the studies on niacin and ezetimibe showed that they decreased cholesterol (ie were being used successfully and correctly) but failed to decrease cardiovascular endpoints. You're right that the measurements were taken within 24 hours, but I've heard this isn't such a big deal, and according to the full-text version of the Fonarow study (sorry, didn't find it until this morning) they agree with me. Also, if I'm reading their table right patients having acute coronary events had higher, not lower, cholesterol than those coming in with chronic complaints, and if the effect were really only 5-15% it wouldn't significantly affect the main finding of the paper by much. It's the same Framingham paper. I can only reach the abstract (my medical school doesn't give me electronic access that far back) and I'm relying on reviews and comments to tell me what's inside. Right, this makes sense, I'm just saying it's the opposite of what Framingham shows. Framingham says that "there is a direct association between falling cholesterol leve

7gwern13y

I'm impressed. I took a look at various sources, and it seems like you can't even buy a used copy of that book anymore - it only exists in various academic libraries, and in many of them, it's stored only as microfiche/microfilm.

6hyporational13y

Perhaps I don't trust people enough on the internet. Especially when they're trying to sell books of their own. See down below. Perhaps most of the people who talk about it haven't seen it themselves, but are happy to spread the good message anyway. Perhaps the guy who sold it forged it. There are many points where someone could be lying, so you don't have to blame a guy you like. There are some very dishonest people in my personal life so maybe this is a bias. It's also pretty amazing to me that google gives only 563 results for "Framingham Diet Study", because I guess this should be kind of a big deal. I'd really like to get my hands on it. I agree it's very weird, but again the decrease in cholesterol not helping is hardly the only explanation for the results. Confounding factors are not fiction. Unfortunately I don't have time to scrutinize them, as I'm not going to prescribe these drugs. (EDITED) Living in Finland might indeed be the source of my confusion. Since most of the studies come from the US, I should update that this industry affects our nutrition more than I'd currently like to think. Nutrition here is a frequent topic, but excluding a couple of cases I've never come across the emotional turmoil that it seems to cause in americans. Isn't there an industry pushing back too, and how are these people not just trying to make money? Thank you, definately saving them. Edit: The first study says "Although fasting blood samples were not mandated on the admission baseline test, subsequent samples collected on days 2 and 4 were in the fasting state. " This means the baseline probably seems higher than it should. See the chapter "Limitations" in the Fonarow study. I can't see how they agree with you (See Edit3 below, though). The chronic cases receive statins after the disease has mostly developed so I guess that should explain the results. 30 % of the chronics received lipid lowering medication. 20 % of the admitted patients overall received lipid lowering

3A1987dM13y

Restricting dietary fat keeping carbs and proteins constant (decreasing total calorie intake), or restricting dietary fat keeping total calorie intake constant (increasing carbs and/or proteins)? Or something in between?

0[anonymous]10y

Another neat summary of Cochrane's pitfalls, despite the medical communities truth is nicely explained here: http://blog.tripdatabase.com/2013/04/a-critique-of-cochrane-collaboration.html

7Jayson_Virissimo13y

Have you ever seen any research showing alcohol consumption to be beneficial in non-humans? I am currently a non-drinker, but an animal study would defeat my true rejection.

1Desrtopa13y

I'd note that even if alcohol consumption is beneficial for humans, most nonhuman mammals have considerably less efficient livers than we do, so the levels of alcohol by bodyweight that are good for humans might be a health risk for most other animals we could test it on.

4Metus13y

Why would you hate any of these facts?

69eB113y

These facts, except for the one about alcohol, can be summarized as "We can't control our environment as much as we thought." Being able to strongly control our environment using methods that seem obvious and reasonable would be nice, so it would be nice if these facts were false.

1NancyLebovitz13y

Another possibility is that pleasure is a better guide than the people who want to give advice tend to believe. The common advice isn't always anti-pleasure (get enough sleep!), but a lot of it is. The get enough sleep part might be better directed to employers-- give your employees a chance to get enough sleep!

3Cyan13y

The effect may be too small to measure, but I can personally attest that it is at least 1 in 7.057 billion.

4Desrtopa13y

While my grocery shopping is strongly determined by nutritional label content, my behavior at restaurants only weakly is, and I think this is related to the fact that so few restaurants offer that service in the first place. If I'm going to a restaurant at all, I'm in the habit of taking for granted that I will only be able to guess at the nutritional content of the meal I'm ordering, and will therefore be taking a break from deciding on the basis of labeling (as an aside, I have an enormous appetite, and can eat a meal meant for three and have room for dessert afterwards despite weighing under 75 kg. I'm used to eating until I'm only fractionally full, but will sometimes have "break" meals at restaurants or on holidays, so my restaurant eating isn't that indicative of my usual diet.) If restaurants routinely listed caloric content of their menu items, instead of the places that do so mostly being fast food chains which I tend to avoid in the first place due to their reputations for low quality and unhealthy food, it might be a significantly stronger determining factor in what I order. ETA: When I was mostly reliant on a college cafeteria for food (which is in many ways more similar to a restaurant than a grocery,) I was strictly dependent on nutrition labels to choose what I ate, and if anything was unlabeled, or I suspected it was mislabeled, I wouldn't eat it.

2Randy_M13y

"I hate all of these facts and wish they were not true, which makes me a credible source for them." I was going to say that the only reason for hating the first was that you were an ethical vegan. But I realize that the more likely reason is because you dislike the field being an example of confused and misleading science and many people so mislead acting counterproductively, in good faith but to no avail. I hate that too.

2FiftyTwo13y

I saw this on your blog and also found them surprising. 1 and 4 particularly as they contradict my own experience. Maybe we're overestimating how often people make conscious deliberative decisions in these matters? Or how much difference the additional information makes (people probably have a rough idea which food has more calories and the health conscious choose the lesser anyway). This is one of those times I hate ethical restrictions on social research, need more controlled data. ETA Does the calorie observation hold true in non-restaurant settings? (E.g. grocery shopping?). Possibly the social elements of restaurant purchasing override calorie concerns, but they're more prevalent in other places.

3A1987dM13y

Probably. IME, when people eat in restaurants, usually it's not exactly because they want to eat lightly.

5kalium13y

For most of my life I've been poor. So when a menu includes calories I tend to maximize calories per dollar. Maybe people like me are cancelling out people on diets. Outside restaurant settings I maximize calories per dollar when choosing a staple starch (rice/pasta/flour/potatoes) and then ignore calories completely and maximize tastiness per dollar with the rest of my budget (tomatoes usually win).

2Thomas13y

And all this was already "settled" as a fact. Scientific facts. One is just never too careful taking something as true.

1ChristianKl13y

I'm underweight. I personally use calorie counts in food to choose food with a higher amount of calories. If there are a bunch of people like me and a bunch of overweight people who pick lower calorie food, the average will still stay the same.

4falenas10813y

There are not nearly as many people like you compared to those who are overweight, or even those who are overweight and on a diet.

0ChristianKl13y

Yes, but there no reason to think that underweight and overweight people use the calorie information in the same way and in the same frequency. If you just know that the average calorie consumption stays constant, you don't know whether some people changed their calorie consumption.

2falenas10813y

http://meps.ahrq.gov/data_files/publications/st247/stat247.pdf I wasn't saying they use it in the same way. I was saying that the number of overweight people is so much greater than the number of underweight, that it would be incredibly unlikely for it to cancel.

0ChristianKl13y

The data that got brought forward suggest that nearly no overweight person actually uses the data. If 0.5 million overweight and 0.5 million underweight people use the data than the average is zero.

1someonewrongonthenet13y

I've seen the alcohol finding (many years ago, so outdated), but it seemed to be linked primarily to wine, which leads me to suspect grape juice. Looks like you've done more recent research - was it the ethanol, or some other component found in drinks? And was it only the psychological/social effects that cause this? (as in, drinkers having more fun)

1Curiouskid13y

Do you eat paleo then?

3Alicorn13y

None of the named facts make bread or sugar less tasty, you know.

[-]Curiouskid13y100

I have almost no sense of smell and was a competitive athlete when I was younger so, "food is fuel" has been a pretty easy philosophy to follow. I forget about this sometimes. Mind projection fallacy ftw.

EDIT: Also, you can change your tastebuds if you just don't eat something for a while. I know that skim milk tasted a lot worse when I tried it again after switching to whole milk. Also, the easiest will power hack is to not need to use your will power. Don't leave snacks within your line of vision. Hide them at the very least. Better yet, don't buy them.

2FiftyTwo13y

What causes your lack of sense of smell?

1Curiouskid13y

I think it's mostly because I'm generally pretty congested. I don't know how normal this is (I don't imagine everybody's nostrils are always as clear as when they take some wasabi or horseradish), but my nostrils are usually pretty stuffy except when I'm working out. When they are cleared out, I still have a pretty terrible sense of smell. Honestly, I'm kinda glad I have no sense of smell because it seems like people usually complain about things smelling bad rather than appreciating how good thing smell (though, it seems pretty likely that people aren't going to say "My, it sure smells nice today!").

3Randy_M13y

It's true that most smells we notice are unpleasant, outside of the kitchen, in the same way that most messages from our touch receptors are unpleasant--but all the more valuable for it. Smell is like a pain sensor at a distance.

[-][anonymous]13y110

Huh. I wonder if this is at least somewhat down to sex-linked biology.

I'm trans, and my sense of smell changed significantly with hormone therapy. Before, I wouldn't have necessarily said that "most smells" I noticed were unpleasant, but it was definitely true that if I noticed an aroma at all from anything other than food, it was somewhat likely to be so. A lot of things I'd later learn I could smell, just faded into the background and weren't noticed as such.

Fast forward to years of living with a different hormone regimen. Everything smells, in the same sense that everything I can see has color. Most things do not smell bad, either -- they're just there, noticeable, conveying information. It's as stimulating as texture and as distinctive as color, and no more likely to be unpleasant than either of those things. Most smells are if anything pleasant, simply because they're non-icky sensory information with some emotional effects. I love to smell packages and objects that I've ordered from other countries, because the air inside contains some of the scents of the place where they came from -- and whenever I've travelled to a place I had received a package from, the signature was unmistakable. When my partner is travelling for business, I even sometimes sleep cuddling the shirt she wore just before she left, because it smells like her.

So, yeah. If smell is like a pain sensor at a distance to you, possibly you don't have a very strong sense of smell.

2A1987dM13y

Interesting. That's one way of checking for biological differences between sexes that doesn't rely on speculation or statistics (which might be confounded by self-fulfilling prophecies about gender roles).

1[anonymous]13y

I'd guess it's of limited utility -- there's very little good information about all of the effects of this sort of HRT (a very common conversation among trans folks is what effects the doctors never mentioned). A lot of human sex variation is down to your hormones, particularly during puberty -- the x-vs-y chromosomes control much less than you think (the phenotypical development of the penis/testes combo is controlled by the SRY gene; sometimes you get phenotypically "male" folks with an XX pair where the SRY gene has translocated, or XY phenotypically "female" folks without the SRY gene, as well as XY and a functioning SRY gene but who develop as phenotypic "females" anyway. Genetic traits that aren't themselves sex-linked can nonetheless be strongly affected by the difference hormones make -- this is why trans women grow breasts and trans men often find theirs shrinking; it's also probably why my sense of smell shifted, since that can be rather strongly hereditary and my mother has a very strong sense of smell (enough she'd frequently get headaches in the vicinity of perfume).

0Randy_M13y

Well, it isn't just that, but I was trying to show the utility of having a sense of smell by the comparison. I appreciate my touch/pain receptors immensely, likewise smell.

3The Dao of Bayes13y

Most of my touch information is either information ("there is a wall here"), or pleasant (cuddling). In fairness, I know how to move around blind (and practice 2-3 days a year), and my whole life I've seemed to just naturally pay attention to thinks like the texture of my clothes, fiddling with jewelry or small objects, the texture of the ground as I walk (I often go barefoot, but I notice it even in thick boots), etc. so I'm definitely an outlier. But I'm an outlier in terms of paying attention, not in terms of touch actually being a routinely unpleasant sense, I'd hope.

1Randy_M13y

hypothesis: you are shorter than I am. ;)

0The Dao of Bayes13y

Assuming you mean you tend to hit stuff a lot, aye, I tend to be very good at avoiding such, and I also don't find stubbed toes and bumped heads particularly unpleasant (but mostly I don't have them frequently :))

2D_Malik13y

Sounds like an allergy; seeing a doctor might help.

0Curiouskid13y

Thanks! I'll definitely look into it.

0someonewrongonthenet13y

I dunno...I find that some people's first order preferences do get modified to some extent by what they "want to want"...but that does vary.

1James_Miller13y

I do in part because of this. I've cut out wheat and lots of sugar and replaced them in part with saturated fats from grass-fed butter, MCT oil, and coconut milk.

1drethelin13y

I really really hate the alcohol fact. The idea of inebriating myself in that way is really unappealing. I'm still young so I can ignore it for now and hope I feel different in the future.

[-]ShardPhoenix13y200

The positive effect doesn't rely on drinking the level of alcohol that would normal cause someone to be considered "inebriated".

3FiftyTwo13y

Additionally, frequent exposure likely decreases the inebriating effects.

0A1987dM13y

So does drinking on a full stomach, and having drunk plenty of water beforehand. Also, IME the colder it is outside, the less drunk I feel after a given amount of alcohol.

0The Dao of Bayes13y

Be careful with that last one. I've a fair amount of second-hand anecdotes of people doing stuff while it's colder outside, and then it hits them like a load of bricks when they come back inside, where it's warm. :)

1Pablo13y

In fact, the positive effect relies on not drinking the level of alcohol that would normally cause someone to be considered "inebriated". The relationship between alcohol consumption and total mortality is J-shaped: more than 3-4 drinks per day are associated to worse health outcomes than no alcohol, with the benefits for total mortality reaching a nadir at less than one drink per day. (source)

5tut13y

Good news: If you don't enjoy getting drunk you are not predisposed to become an alcoholic. That means that you likely can drink one glass of wine each afternoon (getting most of the benefits Yvain talks about) and not begin to get drunk.

0drethelin13y

now I just have to get over the fact that I hate the taste of alcohol and most alcoholic beverages, yay longevity?

2Bakkot13y

Given the probable substantial benefits, I think it would be worth your time and money (probably wouldn't take more than a couple of days and a couple of hundred dollars) to go through a few dozen types of wine to figure out what you most enjoy. If no wine is sufficiently palatable that you think you could consistently drink it a few times a week, go through other sorts of drinks (of which there is a huge variety). Personally, while I don't enjoy 90% of the drinks I've tried, I'm quite partial to Baileys and milk, and to most kinds of fruity drinks - sangrias in particular involve wine and are tasty.

0drethelin13y

The only drinks I've found palatable are either sugary or milky, and I'm both lactose intolerant and dieting to avoid sugar.

0erratio13y

I have a similar taste issue, and after a year and a half of deliberate practice every time I go out with colleagues I'm finally starting to find the taste more tolerable, and even to enjoy a very small subset of alcoholic drinks. That said, I find wine to be the most disgusting in taste and I suspect that even with a lot of practice I'll never enjoy it enough to voluntarily drink a full glass of it at any time, let alone every day.

0listic13y

How is it supposed to change people's behavior? I know If I read nutrition information in McDonald's it is to figure if I'm getting enough calories from my food (often I don't). I might be more willing to eat at a restaurant where nutrition information is easily available, but is that the change you had in mind?

1drethelin13y

People eating fewer calories.

-2listic13y

The hypothesis that people on average will cut the calories in their orders when the amount of calories is labeled looks very non-obvious. I can see several opposing factors that might be in play when the restaurant starts to make nutrition information available: * some people see that they should be eating less and order less * some people see that they should be eating more and order more (but maybe they will eat less in other places?) * some people see that they should be eating something else and order something else * some people decide that this restaurant is unhealthy and come there less often (other less conscious replace them) * some people decide to order less but come more often because they become more hungry * etc. * some people don't care I think it's presumptuous to conclude that labeling the amount of calories in food "totally fails to change people's eating behaviors at all", but rather that measuring the average calories in the orders is not enough and more thorough investigation is needed.

0Randy_M12y

"The hypothesis that people on average will cut the calories in their orders when the amount of calories is labeled looks very non-obvious" It may be, but nonetheless, reducing obesity is the justification for recent restraunt labeling laws.

[-]Desrtopa13y210

I checked this book out of the library recently, and most of the information in it pretty much fits into my models even if the specifics are news to me. I was quite surprised though, to find that Warren Buffett in particular directs his holdings to a lot of deliberate competition stifling and price gouging on captive customers. I had gotten used to thinking of him as the Big Good of the investment world, and I was surprised to realize that even if he puts his own personal fortune to benevolent uses, he doesn't have any particular qualms about deliberately concentrating wealth rather than producing it, in order to maximize profits. That didn't reflect the traditional capitalist values I imagined him to hold.

[-]someonewrongonthenet13y120

The divorce rate in India is 1.1%, and people in arranged marriages report greater love for partners than people in love marriages.

Some suggest that it has something to do with previous findings that being given more choices makes you less satisfied about the choice that you ultimately make.

0Curiouskid13y

Sunk costs? Post-Purchase rationalization?

2someonewrongonthenet13y

Well...it can't be sunk costs. If the point of a marriage is to make you happy, and it is making you happy, then it isn't a sunk cost. It can't be post-purchase rationalization. Arranged vs love marriages don't differ significantly in terms of resources invested in the spouse. And I think those two biases - post purchase and sunk cost - essentially amount to the same thing. It's been shown that too many choices make people ultimately less satisfied in what they get. The rationalization is not post-purchase.... it's that there are no other options, so you might as well not trouble yourself with what could have been. I don't remember the name of this bias, but it exists in its own right. It could also be something about the type of people who agree to enter arranged marriages (traditional, family oriented, etc) being more likely to self report happiness with a spouse (actual happiness, duty, family-pride, whatever) Alternatively you know....we need to at least consider the idea that arranged marriages rely on the choices of older and wiser individuals who know more about social dynamics than youngsters and ultimately are better equipped at making choices. (I doubt it, but still...)

0Emile13y

I consider that to be pretty likely, though how much better the older folk are at spouse choice should strongly depend on how much their kid's situation resembles theirs (and their peer's); it would also depend on how well the parent knows the prospective spouses - so the advantages of arranged marriages would probably be greatest in small, rural communities. (Another factor is probably the age of marriage; when people are expected to marry young they'll probably make worse decisions if left to themselves)

0someonewrongonthenet13y

The comparison was between Indian love marriages, Indian arranged marriages, and American love marriages. Indian and American love marriages appear to be more similar to each other than either are to Indian love marriages in this respect... so unless you consider the American marriage age too young to make this decision, I'm not sure age is a factor.

0MrMind13y

Mmh, my bet is on the second. I findi it a very powerful motivator even in non-arranged marriages.

0ChristianKl13y

Could you provide a source for that claim?

4someonewrongonthenet13y

http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1988-35550-001 It's been replicated a few times in other places. Here is another, in case you don't have journal access http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=arranged-marriages-can-be-real-love-10-03-11

[-]James_Miller13y100

I have been miscalibrating how much people at my workplace like or dislike me. I've gotten it wrong in both directions recently.

1A1987dM13y

How did you realize?

1James_Miller13y

On the plus side a very kind email and invitations to get coffee, on the negative side something I would rather not get into but it wasn't subtle and provides evidence for this.

5A1987dM13y

Here you'll find all the evidence for Sayre's law that you want.

[-]blogospheroid13y100

I was surprised by news of the Toyota labs replication of the Mitsubishi Low Energy Nuclear Transmutation experiment. Nuclear physics is nowhere near my field of expertise, but I am surprised and confused that phenomena similar to LENR are possible and are not being exploited left, right and centre.

0timtyler13y

If it turns out that they can make gold cheaply, that will be big news...

0RomeoStevens13y

I expect the wider media attention and discussion when they publish.

-1Mitchell_Porter13y

Cold fusion is supposed to be impossible because the energies of chemical and nuclear reactions differ by several orders of magnitude. Ron Maimon here provides a history of cold fusion's rejection and even a theory to explain how the process could work.

0RomeoStevens13y

wait it blew a hole in the floor?! the hell? I thought we were talking about tiny amounts of energy in the systems that were experimenting with.

1Manfred13y

I believe you mean "supposedly blew a hole in the floor." And though the energy would have been plenty, the kinetics probably make blowing a hole in the floor impossible - you'd just get steam, and then end of reaction.

[-][anonymous]13y100

The thing that first comes to mind is recently realizing that even I was infected by a dangerous memeplex directly decended from christianity.

I've always been an atheist and wondered what it was like to realize that there is no god, or what it's like to strongly believe some obviously false thing just because it's what people you grew up with believed. I remember thinking "well, I'm right on the big things like god and psychic powers and such, I guess epistemic rationality is a solved problem"

Now I'm like "holy crap, I (we) really suck at this, and could be way better".

NOt sure if this is what you're looking for.

[-]drethelin13y310

Not saying which it is is pretty obnoxious, but I'll have to assume you've been bitten by the moldbug

[-]Manfred13y150

I feel like there's an Edgar Allen Poe parody just waiting to happen here.

"Dis i' real bad, mistah. He bin bitten ba de moole-bug."

0FiftyTwo13y

Unless they mean the memeplex is the idea that "epistemic rationality is a solved problem""?

0fezziwig13y

That one's not descended from Christianity.

[-]roland13y90

Even simple "obvious" insights often don't occur to us. But they become clear in hindsight or after being pointed out by others.
Humans don't have general intelligence. This became clear after watching a video of John Tooby, Evolutionary speaking humans have evolved subsystems for solving specific problems like navigating the social landscape. But we don't have general intelligence. This explains a lot.

4falenas10813y

Could you give a brief summary of why we don't have general intelligence?

6roland13y

First there is some contention in this and I'm basically reflecting Toobys opinion here. He says that there was no selection pressure to develop general intelligence and instead we have specialized subsystems that help us navigate our world. IIRC the video was the following:John Tooby: Can discovering the design principles governing natural intelligence unleash breakthroughs in AI? As evidence consider the Wason selection task, although a very simple logic puzzle most people fail at it, but can do it when the same problem is presented in a social context instead.

[-]MrMind13y80

Disclaimer: this post contains personal informations and (very mild) generalizations about gender behaviour. If you think you cannot handle it properly, please avoid it.

Unfortunately, the most surprising information I had recently has been my February break-up: this girl I was dating and was madly in love with exhibited all behaviours of being in love with me too... There were some problems that prevented us getting together, but I thought they weren't so determining. It turned out I was deadly wrong: she started dating a guy that was nearer to her home an... (read more)

5someonewrongonthenet13y

Well, that's interesting...unless you are bisexual, you don't and won't ever have such bad experiences with men. So from a rationalist perspective, does it make sense to use this evidence to update your beliefs about the trustworthiness of women, but not your beliefs about the trustworthiness of men? (This is a real, not rhetorical question)

0MrMind13y

That's correct (I'm not bisexual). Positing that I cared about the trustworthiness of men in relationships (which I don't), I think it stil makes sense, as long as there isn't a uniformity between male and female behaviour which, in my experience, is not warranted at all.

0hyporational13y

Men have fewer easy opportunities to upgrade partners than women. That's why we can appear to have the moral high ground. Can you imagine how you would behave, if you had the constant opportunity that some good looking women do? Think about how some men change, when they learn about PUA or become high status.

1wedrifid13y

Really? Do they have this ready ability to upgrade because: * They are initially less picky, more willing to mate with males well below what they could find if they held out and were more selective? That is, so that there are already more opportunities for upgrades? Or... * Female mating value is far more fluid than male mating value. Females can more easily improve those features that attract mates. So, they have more opportunities for upgrades because they have more sexual value now, opening up new opportunities. I wouldn't have said males stereotypically claim this particular high ground to a greater extent than females do---at least in the overall population---nor would that explanation seem the most plausible reason for why it would be so. In your previous comment you speculated: Resources and social status tend to be more easy to 'upgrade' than core physical attributes.

0hyporational13y

Wow, it didn't feel nearly that sloppy when I wrote it, I swear! Thanks for debugging me. Now for the politically incorrect explanation of my thought process... I think when constructing the argument my brain actually substituted "women I sexually care about" with "women". How horrible is that... For (hopefully obvious) reasons females who sexually interest males are far fewer that males who sexually interest females. Does this seem acceptable to you? As you stated, it's easier for men to upgrade their attractiveness, and this can be true for men well in their fifties and older. If you check closely I didn't say that men typically claim the moral high ground more often that women do, just that they can appear to have it for the (ridiculously flawed) reason I originally stated. I wonder if my thought process highlights some mind killing aspects of this topic, and honestly I'm not sure anymore if the improved argument is much more plausible.

0MrMind13y

Yes, after a while I was all righteous "She dumped me, I'm a better person than her, etc", but when the emotional turmoil subsided, I found that I couldn't care less about who was more moral. If her istincts told her so, then all the better for her, I just want another partner for good. While it's obvious that with the same set of istincts I would behave in the same way, I don't know how I would become if I had so much success with women. My brain cannot really compute the long term ramification, it's stuck on imagining all the sex I would get... Well, I'm not sure if the implication could not be reversed, but I guess that whenever you have more success, you naturally become more picky, and that if you're not able to discern right away the good from the bad, or you find someone who's really good at faking, you become a much more frequent dumper.

4ChristianKl13y

The fact that you were deeply in love with her suggests that you aren't in a position where you can see the facts of the situation clearly. Do you think it's a good idea to update based on that understanding of the situation?

2MrMind13y

Well, I've asked myself this for a long time. Sure I was deeply in love, but for what I could see all my behaviours were reciprocated. Also other people (besides her friends, apparently) were surprised (ranging from very surprised to downright furious) for her 'change'. I still don't know how much I could have foreseen this in advance, but this doesn't change the fact that I must be a lot more aware the next time.

3The Dao of Bayes13y

I've found that paying attention to how much "signs of love" and "access to me for resources" correlate is useful in my relationships. But I'm also polyamorous so distance tends not to be nearly as big an obstacle as it seems to be for monogamy (coincidentally, if you're not aware, distance? Is a HUGE factor for a lot of people)

3MrMind13y

Yeah... How do you implement that? You just simply tell a girl you like that you have multiple relationships?

2The Dao of Bayes13y

I usually say I'm polyamorous, because most polyamorous people know the term, but otherwise yeah. I also live in Portland, and hang out with crowds where this is more common than normal. I did end up dating one monogamous girl, but she was completely okay with it - work occupied 90% of her life, and having a partner that didn't mind seeing her once or twice a month worked out very nicely for her. I generally bring this up well before asking someone out, so that I can get a good feel for their reaction (often first or second meeting - just talking about my life makes it pretty clear I date multiple people. "Oh, today I hung out with girlfriend A and watched Farscape, then got a haircut with girlfriend B") I also tend to emphasize my particular style of polyamory, which centers on honesty and the idea "It's not cheating if everyone involved has agreed to play by different rules". I've found signalling "I'm poly, NOT someone cheating on their spouse" is important :)

4someonewrongonthenet13y

Have I ever mentioned how envious I am of people who live in Portland...

2MrMind13y

Ahah, yeah... Please realize that in Italian the word "polyamory" doesn't even exist...

-2hyporational13y

I don't think your update follows from the information you provided. I think someonewrongonthenet asks a legit question. I think observing how fast the "signs of love" develop is a useful heuristic in determining how fast they could dump you. If a person falls in love with you even before you have demonstrated your worth, something is wrong, assuming you're looking for a longer relationship. I personally think this works the other way too, I don't think falling in love is a useful heuristic for finding a suitable partner. Some people are just addicted to falling in love, and when it starts to fade, will look for their next rush. (Edited to be sex-neutral and added explanation. Men fall in love too, and I'm not saying you or her didn't have good reasons to.)

0MrMind13y

Ehm... ok! Nobody said s/he didn't...? In my case the 'courtship' phase, let's call it this way, lasted about two months. In your experience this is too fast or the correct time for assessing correctly someone's interest? That's a new perspective... In my case I liked everything about her (at least, about what she was displaying), and I still think we had compatible lifestyles. I don't know if this is a good heuristic for being together, but from my point of view it doesn't get better than this. For her I cannot say, of course, but I don't think it was the 'falling in love' addiction: I was her second partner at all, but mainly it's at least suspicious that her 'rush' for me ended just about when a competitor showed up...

0hyporational13y

I could have been less blunt. I know it sucks to be dumped. I don't know your situation better than you do, just trying to provide helpful perspective. Some people change their genuine love interest quickly, especially if they fall in love easily. Some people take different kinds of emotions more seriously than others. Many of these people are not predatory at all. If she's young, and you're her second partner, maybe she's just emotionally immature.

3MrMind13y

Don't get me wrong, with "predatory" I didn't mean to indicate some form of conscious behaviour targeting my money, nor do I think that she is faking her current engagement. I guess that in the end we are just giving different names to the same phoenomenon: feeling of love and attraction that adapts very quickly to better circumstances. All in all, it's a very effective survival mechanism for her (and for a fair number of women I happened to know/study), it's just emotionally wrecking for those on the other side... But now that I'm (very painfully) aware of this possibility, I just need to calibrate for that and go on with my life.

0hyporational13y

Ah, I see what you mean. You're right that I misunderstood you. On an overly cynical side note, men adapt this way to more suitable partners too. It's just that we usually don't fall in love with resources and social status, but boobs and pretty faces.

0MrMind13y

Yesterday I was asking the same thing: if women see us as a bag of resources, and we could postulate that us males do the same thing, what kind of resources are we looking for in the other sex? Meh, it's not that easy: yes, if I see a pretty face I'm attracted, but I don't know if cultural or not, I have fallen in love in the past with women that were not so beautiful but were for example fun to hang around, adventurous, caring, etc. In my opinion the statement that men search only for visual cues it's extremely simplicistic and just plainly wrong.

[-]TraderJoe13y60

Gender is much more biologically determined and less socially constructed than I had previously thought. http://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2011/01/31/evolutionary-psychology-gender-construction/

[-]Pablo13y50

What has surprised me the most recently is reading this THINK document about the huge effects that self-improvement can have on one's ability to change the world for the better.

I was also surprised to learn that 25% of the philosophers that responded to Brian Leiter's 'Philosophers, Eating, Ethics' poll said they were vegetarian and an additional 8% said they were vegan. In other words, a whopping one third of respondents reported being either vegans or vegetarians. The proportion of vegetarians in this sample is about eight times larger than that of the ... (read more)

0ChristianKl13y

I don't think there a valid reason to assume that all people who responded to Brian Leiter's internet poll are philosophers. There a good chance that the poll isn't representative of the general population of philosophers.

2Pablo13y

I agree with gwern. Perhaps a more credible source of scepticism about the poll's results is that they have been biased by self-sampling. Vegetarians care more about vegetarianism than meat-eaters care about meat-eating, so it's plausible to suppose that vegetarians are overrepresented in the sample.

1gwern13y

Many non-philosophers read Leiter, yes; but it's worth remembering that his blog is possibly the most popular academic philosophy blog out there, I have seen it said. (Plus, non-philosophers responding can be expected to dilute the vegetarian philosophers since vegetarian is so rare unless you have some good reason to expect the non-philosophers to be even more skewed vegetarian.)

3ChristianKl13y

The people who vote on a poll don't have to be regular readers. People who want to promote veganism as being ethical have an incentive to tell their friends to vote on the poll. It takes a handful of well connected vegans to get 100's of votes via twitter and facebook. Even if you grant that the people who respond to the poll are infact philosophers, I would estimate the response rate of vegetarians and vegan to be higher than the response rate of people who don't make deliberate choices about their diet.

0gwern13y

100s of votes which presumably all ignored "Please only answer if you are a philosophy student or teacher." And does a vegan Twitter or FB appeal for meatpuppets also explain why more than half the carnivore respondents reported ethical qualms?

0ChristianKl13y

Reporting ethical qualms and actually changing your behavior based on your ethical qualm are two different things. I vaguely remember a study that concluded that philosophers are bad at changing their eating behavior based on their own ethical considerations. Unfortunately I don't find it at the moment. Maybe someone could persuade Leiter to run something like the LessWrong survey with his readership?

0gwern13y

I guess you didn't even read the link, then.

0ChristianKl13y

I didn't read every word of the article but I skimmed it. http://leiterreports.typepad.com/blog/2012/10/philosophers-eating-ethics.html seems to be the post that had the poll. The poll had exactly one question. The LessWrong survey had 106. If Leiter would have made a survey with multiple questions, one of those questions would be the amount of academic philosophy education that the respondend got. We could focus on those people to answer the question whether academic philosophers have different views on being vegan than the general population. A survey with a lot of questions is also less likely to be the target of meatpuppet voting.

[-]Morendil13y40

Having some predictions on record helps answering this kind of question. The following are from my GJP forecasts:

the announcement of Mario Monti's imminent resignation; I'd been very sure (95% probability) he'd stay in power until the election, as that was only a few months away
the peace talks between Ansar Dine and the Malian government; I'd been skeptical (35% probability) that anyone would want to talk with such a ragtag bunch, and yet the talks just took place

[-]philh13y20

I think I've only ever had one bad experience speaking to a customer service representative. (They transferred me from the correct department to one which couldn't help me, and it took another two transfers to get back to where I started.) But every time I talk to one, I'm surprised by how helpful they are.

2The Dao of Bayes13y

Most CS agents are used to dealing with dumb and/or abusive callers. Simply being polite, intelligent, and patient will generally get you good service. I've found this true pretty much ANY time I am not asking for special dispensation and/or trying to get around policy, though :)

[-]tgb13y00

Why does being surprised imply being miscalibrated? I should be surprised that a 100-sided dice rolled a 100 even if it genuinely is fair. If I weren't surprised by that event, I would say that I was miscalibrated. Of course this means that I should expect to be surprised every now and then, but what's wrong with that?

3FiftyTwo13y

Why should 100 be any more surprising than any other number?