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Ruby's Quick Takes — LessWrong

Ruby's Quick Takes

23rd Feb 2019

1 min read

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This is a special post for quick takes by Ruby. Only they can create top-level comments. Comments here also appear on the Quick Takes page and All Posts page.

Mentioned in

66Petrov Day Retrospective, 2023 (re: the most important virtue of Petrov Day & unilaterally promoting it)

29Informal Post on Motivation

5the gears to ascension

1Sheikh Abdur Raheem Ali

4the gears to ascension

4the gears to ascension

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[-]Ruby1y5710

Just thinking through simple stuff for myself, very rough, posting in the spirit of quick takes

At present, we are making progress on the Technical Alignment Problem^[2] and like probably could solve it within 50 years.
Humanity is on track to build ~lethal superpowerful AI in more like 5-15 years.
Working on technical alignment (direct or meta) only matters if we can speed up overall progress by 10x (or some lesser factor if AI capabilities is delayed from its current trajectory). Improvements of 2x are not likely to get us to an adequate technical solution in time.
Working on slowing things down is only helpful if it results in delays of decades.
1. Shorter delays are good in so far as they give you time to buy further delays.
There is technical research that is useful for persuading people to slow down (and maybe also solving alignment, maybe not). This includes anything that demonstrates scary capabilities or harmful proclivities, e.g. a bunch of mech interp stuff, all the evals stuff.
AI is in fact super powerful and people who perceive there being value to be had aren’t entirely wrong^[3]. This results in a very strong motivation to pursue AI and resist efforts to be stop

... (read more)

[-]Stephen Fowler1y2917

"Cyborgism or AI-assisted research that gets up 5x speedups but applies differentially to technical alignment research"

How do you do you make meaningful progress and ensure it does not speed up capabilities?

It seems unlikely that a technique exists that is exclusively useful for alignment research and can't be tweaked to help OpenMind develop better optimization algorithms etc.

[-]Noosphere891y*18-11

I basically agree with this:

People who want to speed up AI will use falsehoods and bad logic to muddy the waters, and many people won’t be able to see through it
In other words, there’s going to be an epistemic war and the other side is going to fight dirty, I think even a lot of clear evidence will have a hard time against people’s motivations/incentives and bad arguments.

But I'd be more pessimistic than that, in that I honestly think pretty much every side will fight quite dirty in order to gain power over AI, and we already have seen examples of straight up lies and bad faith.

From the anti-regulation side, I remember Martin Casado straight up lying about mechanistic interpretability rendering AI models completely understood and white box, and I'm very sure that mechanistic interpretability cannot do what Martin Casado claimed.

I also remembered a16z lying a lot about SB1047.

From the pro-regulation side, I remembered Zvi incorrectly claiming that Sakana AI did instrumental convergence/recursive self-improvement, and as it turned out, the reality was far more mundane than that:

https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/ppafWk6YCeXYr4XpH/danger-ai-scientist-danger#AtXXgsws5DuP6Jxzx

Zvi the... (read more)

[-]Cole Wyeth1y102

Though I am working on technical alignment (and perhaps because I know it is hard) I think the most promising route may be to increase human and institutional rationality and coordination ability. This may be more tractable than "expected" with modern theory and tools.

Also, I don't think we are on track to solve technical alignment in 50 years without intelligence augmentation in some form, at least not to the point where we could get it right on a "first critical try" if such a thing occurs. I am not even sure there is a simple and rigorous technical solution that looks like something I actually want, though there is probably a decent engineering solution out there somewhere.

5davekasten1y

I think this can be true, but I don't think it needs to be true: I suspect that if the government is running the at-all-costs-top-national-priority Project, you will see some regulations stop being enforceable. However, we also live in a world where you can easily find many instances of government officials complaining in their memoirs that laws and regulations prevented them from being able to go as fast or as freely as they'd want on top-priority national security issues. (For example, DoD officials even after 9-11 famously complained that "the lawyers" restricted them too much on top-priority counterterrorism stuff.)

2Nathan Helm-Burger1y

Yes, this is a good point. We need a more granular model than a binary 'all the same laws will apply to high priority national defense projects as apply to tech companies' versus 'no laws at all will apply'.

4Lao Mein1y

I have a few questions. 1. Can you save the world in time without a slowdown in AI development if you had a billion dollars? 2. Can you do it with a trillion dollars? 3. If so, why aren't you trying to ask the US Congress for a trillion dollars? 4. If it's about a lack of talent, do you think Terrance Tao can make significant progress on AI alignment if he actually tried? 5. Do you think he would be willing to work on AI alignment if you offered him a trillion dollars?

5Amalthea1y

Interestingly, Terence Tao has recently started thinking about AI, and his (publicly stated) opinions on it are ... very conservative? I find he mostly focuses on the capabilities that are already here and doesn't really extrapolate from it in any significant way.

1O O1y

Really? He seems pretty bullish. He thinks it will co author math papers pretty soon. I think he just doesn’t think or at least state his thoughts on implications outside of math.

1Amalthea1y

He's clearly not completely discounting that there's progress, but overall it doesn't feel like he's "updating all the way": This is a recent post about the deepmind math olympiad results: https://mathstodon.xyz/@tao/112850716240504978 "1. This is great work, shifting once again our expectations of which benchmark challenges are within reach of either #AI-assisted or fully autonomous methods"

4Ruby1y

Money helps. I could probably buy a lot of dignity points for a billion dollars. With a trillion variance definitely goes up because you could try crazy stuff and could backfire. (I mean true for a billion too). But EV of such a world is better. I don't think there's anything that's as simple as writing a check though. US Congress gives money to specific things. I do not have a specific plan for a trillion dollars. I'd bet against Terrance Tao being some kind of amazing breakthrough researcher who changes the playing field.

4Raemon1y

My answer (and I think Ruby's) answer to most of these questions is "no", but What Money Cannot Buy reasons, as well as "geniuses don't often actually generalize and are hard to motivate with money."

4jmh1y

I really like the observation in your Further Thoughts point. I do think that is a problem people need to look at as I would guess many will view the government involvement from a acting in public interests view rather than acting in either self interest (as problematic as that migh be when the players keep changing) or from a special interest/public choice perspective. Probably some great historical analysis already written about events in the past that might serve as indicators of the pros and cons here. Any historians in the group here?

4Ruby1y

Not an original observation but yeah, separate from whether it's desirable, I think we need to be planning for it.

[-]Ruby1y301

There is a now a button to say "I didn't like this recommendation, show fewer like it"

Clicking it will:

update the recommendation engine that you strongly don't like this recommendation
store analytics data for the LessWrong team to know that you didn't like this post (we won't look at your displayname, just random id). This will hopefully let us understand trends in bad recommendations
hide the post item from posts lists like Enriched/Latest Posts/Recommended. It will not hide it from user profile pages, Sequences, etc

8Ruby1y

You can now also dislike a recommendation in the triple-dot post actions menu. This handles cases when the post title is too long to leave room for an icon there, and on small screens.

[-]Ruby1y271

Seeking Beta Users for LessWrong-Integrated LLM Chat

Comment here if you'd like access. (Bonus points for describing ways you'd like to use it.)

A couple of months ago, a few of the LW team set out to see how LLMs might be useful in the context of LW. It feels like they should be at some point before the end, maybe that point is now. My own attempts to get Claude to be helpful for writing tasks weren't particularly succeeding, but LLMs are pretty good at reading a lot of things quickly, and also can be good at explaining technical topics.

So I figured just making it easy to load a lot of relevant LessWrong context into an LLM might unlock several worthwhile use-cases. To that end, Robert and I have integrated a Claude chat window into LW, with the key feature that it will automatically pull in relevant LessWrong posts and comments to what you're asking about.

I'm currently seeking beta users.

Since using the Claude API isn't free and we haven't figured out a payment model, we're not rolling it out broadly. But we are happy to turn it on for select users who want to try it out.

Comment here if you'd like access. (Bonus points for describing ways you'd like to use it.)

5Ruby1y

@Chris_Leong @Jozdien @Seth Herd @the gears to ascension @ProgramCrafter You've all been granted to the LW integrated LLM Chat prototype. Cheers!

3Ruby1y

Oh, you access it with the sparkle button in the bottom right:

4Ruby1y

@Neel Nanda @Stephen Fowler @Saul Munn – you've been added. I'm hoping to get a PR deployed today that'll make a few improvements: - narrow the width so doesn't overlap the post on smaller screens than before - load more posts into the context window by default - upweight embedding distance relative to karma in the embedding search for relevant context to load in - various additions to the system response to improve tone and style

8Saul Munn1y

great! how do i access it on mobile LW?

2Ruby1y

Not available on mobile at this time, I'm afraid.

1Saul Munn1y

gotcha. what would be the best way to send you feedback? i could do: * comments here * sent directly to you via LW DM, email, [dm through some other means] or something else if that's better (while it's top-of-mind: the feedback that generated this question was that the chat interface pops up every single time open a tab of LW, including every time i open a post in a new tab. this gets really annoying very quickly!)

2Ruby1y

Cheers! Comments here are good, so is LW DM, or Intercom.

5Jozdien1y

I'm interested. I once tried a much more rudimentary LW-LLM integration with a GPT-4 Discord bot and it never felt quite right, so I'd be very interested in seeing what a much better version looks like.

5Seth Herd1y

I'm interested. I'll provide feedback, positive or negative, like I have on other site features and proposed changes. I'd be happy to pay on almost any payment model, at least for a little while. I have a Cause subscription fwiw. I'd use it to speed up researching prior related work on LW for my posts. I spend a lot of time doing this currently.

5Chris_Leong1y

I'd like access. TBH, if it works great I won't provide any significant feedback, apart from "all good" But if it annoys me in any way I'll let you know. For what it's worth, I have provided quite a bit of feedback about the website in the past. I want to see if it helps me with my draft document on proposed alignment solutions: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Mis0ZxuS-YIgwy4clC7hKrKEcm6Pn0yn709YUNVcpx8/edit#heading=h.u9eroo3v6v28

4Ruby1y

Sounds good! I'd recommend pasting in the actual contents together with a description of what you're after.

5the gears to ascension1y

Interested! I would pay at cost if that was available. I'll be asking about which posts are relevant to a question, misc philosophy questions and asking for Claude to challenge me, etc. Primarily interested if I can ask for brevity using a custom prompt, in the system prompt.

5Tetraspace1y

I'd like beta access. My main use case is that I intend to write up some thoughts on alignment (Manifold gives 40% that I'm proud of a write-up, I'd like that number up), and this would be helpful for literature review and finding relevant existing work. Especially so because a lot of the public agent foundations work is old and migrated from the old alignment forum, where it's low-profile compared to more recent posts.

7Ruby1y

Added!

4Neel Nanda1y

I'd be interested! I would also love to see the full answer to why people care about SAEs

2Ruby1y

Added! That's been one of my go-to questions for testing variations of the system, I'd suggest just trying it yourself.

4Stephen Fowler1y

I'd like access to it.

4dxu1y

I'm interested! Also curious as to how this is implemented; are you using retrieval-augmented generation, and if so, with what embeddings?

4Ruby1y

You are added! Claude 3.5 Sonnet is the chat client, and yes, with RAG using OpenAI text-embedding-3-large for embeddings.

4RobinGoins1y

Interested! Unsure how I'll use it; will need to play around with it to figure that out. But in general, I like asking questions while reading things to stay engaged and I'm very interested to see how it goes with an LLM that's loaded up with LW context.

3Ruby1y

Added!

3Saul Munn1y

i’d love access! my guess is that i’d use it like — elicit:research papers::[this feature]:LW posts

3[anonymous]1y

i'm interested in using it for literature search

4Ruby1y

I'll add you now, though I'm in the middle of some changes that should make it better for lit search.

3ProgramCrafter1y

I'm interested! I, among other usage, hope to use it for finding posts exploring similar topics by different names. By the way, I have an idea what to use instead of a payment model: interacting with user's local LLM like one started within LM Studio. That'd require a checkbox/field to enter API URL, some recommendations on which model to use and working out how to reduce amount of content fed into model (as user-run LLM seem to have smaller context windows than needed).

2Garrett Baker1y

Oh I didn’t see this! I’d like access, in part because its pretty common I try to find a LessWrong post or comment, but the usual search methods don’t work. Also because it seems like a useful way to explore the archives.

2Ruby1y

Added!

1Dalcy1y

I'd also love to have access!

2Ruby1y

Added!

1Mateusz Bagiński1y

I'd love to try it, mainly thinking about research (agent foundations and AI safety macrostrategy).

2Ruby1y

Your access should be activated within 5-10 minutes. Look for the button in the bottom right of the screen.

1jenn1y

I'm interested if you're still adding folks. I run local rationality meetups, this seems like a potentially interesting way to find readings/topics for meetups (e.g. "find me three readings with three different angles on applied rationality", "what could be some good readings to juxtapose with burdens by scott alexander", etc.)

3Ruby1y

Added! (Can take a few min to activate though) My advice is for each one of those, ask in it in a new separate/fresh chat because it'll only a do single search per chat.

1dirk1y

I'm interested! I'd probably mostly be comparing it to unaugmented Claude for things like explaining ML topics and turning my post ideas into drafts (I don't expect it to be great at this latter but I'm curious whether having some relevant posts in the context window will elicit higher quality). I also think the low-friction integration might make it useful for clarifying math- or programming-heavy posts, though I'm not sure I'll want this often.

2Ruby1y

You now have access to the LW LLM Chat prototype! That's actualy one of my favorite use-cases

1Sheikh Abdur Raheem Ali1y

I'd love to have early access. I will probably give feedback on bugs in the implementation before it is rolled out to more users, and am happy to use my own API keys.

3Ruby1y

You've been granted access to the LW LLM Chat prototype! No need to provide API key (we haven't even set that up, I was just explaining why we having people manually request access rather than make it immediately available more broadly.

2[comment deleted]1y

[-]Ruby6y210

Selected Aphorisms from Francis Bacon's Novum Organum

I'm currently working to format Francis Bacon's Novum Organum as a LessWrong sequence. It's a moderate-sized project as I have to work through the entire work myself, and write an introduction which does Novum Organum justice and explains the novel move of taking an existing work and posting in on LessWrong (short answer: NovOrg is some serious hardcore rationality and contains central tenets of the LW foundational philosophy notwithstanding being published back in 1620, not to mention that Bacon and his works are credited with launching the modern Scientific Revolution)

While I'm still working on this, I want to go ahead and share some of my favorite aphorisms from is so far:

3. . . . The only way to command reality is to obey it . . .

9. Nearly all the things that go wrong in the sciences have a single cause and root, namely: while wrongly admiring and praising the powers of the human mind, we don’t look for true helps for it.

Bacon sees the unaided human mind as entirely inadequate for scientific progress. He sees for the way forward for scientific progress as constructing tools/infrastructure/methodogy t... (read more)

[-]Viliam6y110

Please note that even things written in 1620 can be under copyright. Not the original thing, but the translation, if it is recent. Generally, every time a book is modified, the clock starts ticking anew... for the modified version. If you use a sufficiently old translation, or translate a sufficiently old text yourself, then it's okay (even if a newer translation exists, if you didn't use it).

6Raemon6y

Yup – Ruby/habryka specifically found a translation that we're allowed to post.

3jp6y

I'm a complete newcomer to information on Bacon and his time. How much of his influence was due to Novum Organum itself vs other things he did? If significantly the latter, what were those things? Feel free to tell me to Google that.

4habryka6y

At the very least "The New Atlantis", a fictional utopian novel he wrote, was quite influential, at least in that it's usually cited as one of the primary inspirations for the founding of the royal society: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Atlantis#Influences

1RRBB4y

test

[-]Ruby1y184

The “Deferred and Temporary Stopping” Paradigm

Quickly written. Probably missed where people are already saying the same thing.

I actually feel like there’s a lot of policy and research effort aimed at slowing down the development of powerful AI–basically all the evals and responsible scaling policy stuff.

A story for why this is the AI safety paradigm we’ve ended up in is because it’s palatable. It’s palatable because it doesn’t actually require that you stop. Certainly, it doesn’t right now. To the extent companies (or governments) are on board, it’s because those companies are at best promising “I’ll stop later when it’s justified”. They’re probably betting that they’ll be able to keep arguing it’s not yet justified. At the least, it doesn’t require a change of course now and they’ll go along with it to placate you.

Even if people anticipate they will trigger evals and maybe have to delay or stop releases, I would bet they’re not imagining they have to delay or stop for all that long (if they’re even thinking it through that much). Just long enough to patch or fix the issue, then get back to training the next iteration. I'm curious how many people imagine that once certain evaluatio... (read more)

[-]Ruby6y140

Why I'm excited by the 2018 Review

I generally fear that perhaps some people see LessWrong as a place where people just read and discuss "interesting stuff", not much different from a Sub-Reddit on anime or something. You show up, see what's interesting that week, chat with your friends. LessWrong's content might be considered "more healthy" relative to most internet content and many people say they browse LessWrong to procrastinate but feel less guilty about than other browsing, but the use-case still seems a bit about entertainment.

None of the above is really a bad thing, but in my mind, LessWrong is about much more than a place for people to hang out and find entertainment in sharing joint interests. In my mind, LessWrong is a place where the community makes collective progress on valuable problems. It is an ongoing discussion where we all try to improve our understanding of the world and ourselves. It's not just play or entertainment– it's about getting somewhere. It's as much like an academic journal where people publish and discuss important findings as it is like an interest-based sub-Reddit.

And all this makes me really... (read more)

[-]Ruby6y*140

Communal Buckets

A bucket error is when someone erroneously lumps two propositions together, e.g. I made a spelling error automatically entails I can't be great writer, they're in one bucket when really they're separate variables.

In the context of criticism, it's often mentioned that people need to learn to not make the bucket error of I was wrong or I was doing a bad thing -> I'm a bad person. That is, you being a good person is compatible with making mistakes, being wrong, and causing harm since even good people make mistakes. This seems like a right and true and a good thing to realize.

But I can see a way in which being wrong/making mistakes (and being called out for this) is upsetting even if you personally aren't making a bucket error. The issue is that you might fear that other people have the two variables collapsed into one. Even if you might realize that making a mistake doesn't inherently make you a bad person, you're afraid that other people are now going to think you are a bad person because they are making that bucket error.

The issue isn't your own buckets, it's that you have a model of the shared "communal buck... (read more)

4Dagon6y

"did a bad thing" -> "bad person" may not be a bucket error, it may be an actual inference (if "bad person" is defined as "person who does bad things"), or a useless category (if "bad person" has no actual meaning). This question seems to be "fear of attribution error". You know you have reasons for things you do, others assume you do things based on your nature.

4Ruby6y

Yeah, I think the overall fear would be something like "I made a mistake but now overall people will judge me as a bad person" where "bad person" is above some threshold of doing bad. Indeed, each bad act is an update towards the threshold, but the fear is that in the minds of others, a single act will be generalized and put you over. The "fear of attribution error" seems on the mark to me.

[-]Ruby1d132

Perhaps the most disliked aspect of the New LessWrong feed was the "modals" upon clicking links instead of full page navigations. We did that because full navigation would lose your place in the feed upon returning.

Fortunately, at long last and after much anticipation, we have upgraded our tech stack so that modals are no longer needed. Clicking links in the Feed will take you to direct primary main full page for posts, comment links, and user profiles.

Tagging users who I recall waiting on this. @dirk @Rana Dexsin

[-]Ruby2y132

As noted in an update on LW Frontpage Experiments! (aka "Take the wheel, Shoggoth!"), yesterday we started an AB test on some users automatically being switched over to the Enriched [with recommendations] Latest Posts feed.

The first ~18 hours worth of data does seem like a real uptick in clickthrough-rate, though some of that could be novelty.

(examining members of the test (n=921) and control groups (n~=3000) for the last month, the test group seemed to have a slightly (~7%) lower clickthrough-rate baseline, I haven't investigated this)

However the specific posts that people are clicking on don't feel on the whole like the ones I was most hoping the recommendations algorithm would suggest (and get clicked on). It feels kinda like there's a selection towards clickbaity or must-read news (not completely, just not as much as I like).

If I look over items recommended by Shoggoth that are older (50% are from last month, 50% older than that), they feel better but seem to get fewer clicks.

A to-do item is to look at voting behavior relative to clicking behavior. Having clicked on these items, do people upvote them as much as others?

I'm also wanting to experiment with just a... (read more)

[-]Ruby6y130

It feels like the society I interact with dislikes expression of negative emotions, at least in the sense that expressing negative emotions is kind of a big deal - if someone expresses a negative feeling, it needs to be addressed (fixed, ideally). The discomfort with negative emotions and consequent response acts to a fair degree to suppress their expression. Why mention something you're a little bit sad about if people are going to make a big deal out of it and try to make you feel better, etc., etc.?

Related to the above (with an ambiguously directed causal arrow) is that we lack reliable ways to communicate about negative emotions with something like nuance or precision. If I think imagine starting a conversation with a friend by saying "I feel happy", I expect to be given space to clarify the cause, nature, and extent of my happiness. Having clarified these, my friend will react proportionally. Yet when I imagine saying "I feel sad", I expect this to be perceived as "things are bad, you need sympathy, support, etc." and the whole stage of "clarify cause, nature, extent" is skipped instead proceeding to a fairly large reaction.

And I wi... (read more)

2Viliam6y

The specific details are probably gender-specific. Men are supposed to be strong. If they express sadness, it's like a splash of low status and everyone is like "ugh, get away from me, loser, I hope it's not contagious". On the other hand, if they express anger, people get scared. So men gradually learn to suppress these emotions. (They also learn that words "I would really want you to show me your true feelings" are usually a bait-and-switch. The actual meaning of that phrase is that the man is supposed to perform some nice emotion, probably because his partner feels insecure about the relationship and wants to be reassured.) Women have other problems, such as being told to smile when something irritates them... but this would be more reliably described by a woman. But in general, I suppose people simply do not want to empathize with bad feelings; they just want them to go away. "Get rid of your bad feeling, so that I am not in a dilemma to either empathize with you and feel bad, or ignore you and feel like a bad person." A good reaction would be something like: "I listen to your bad emotion, but I am not letting myself get consumed by it. It remains your emotion; I am merely an audience." Perhaps it would be good to have some phrase to express that we want this kind of reaction, because from the other side, providing this reaction unprompted can lead to accusations of insensitivity. "You clearly don't care!" (By feeling bad when other people feel bad we signal that we care about them. It is a costly signal, because it makes us feel bad, too. But in turn, the cost is why we provide all kinds of useless help just to make it go away.)

[-]Ruby17d1211

At some point you're supposed to no longer be surprised by the amount of detail

[-]Ruby6y120

Just a thought: there's the common advice that fighting all out with the utmost desperation makes sense for very brief periods, a few weeks or months, but doing so for longer leads to burnout. So you get sayings like "it's a marathon, not a sprint." But I wonder if length of the "fight"/"war" isn't the only variable in sustainable effort. Other key ones might be the degree of ongoing feedback and certainty about the cause.

Though I expect a multiyear war which is an existential threat to your home and family to be extremely taxing, I imagine soldiers experiencing less burnout than people investing similar effort for a far-mode cause, let's say global warming which might be happening, but is slow and your contributions to preventing it unclear. (Actual soldiers may correct me on this, and I can believe war is very traumatizing, though I will still ask how much they believed in the war they were fighting.)

(Perhaps the relevant variables here are something like Hanson's Near vs Far mode thinking, where hard effort for far-mode thinking more readily leads to burnout than near-mode thinking even when sustained for long periods.)

Then... (read more)

[-]Ruby6y120

A random value walks into a bar. A statistician swivels around in her chair, one tall boot unlaced and an almost full Manhattan sitting a short distance from her right elbow.

"I've been expecting you," she says.

"Have you been waiting long?" respond the value.

"Only for a moment."

"Then you're very on point."

"I've met enough of your kind that there's little risk of me wasting time."

"I assure you I'm quite independent."

"Doesn't mean you're not drawn from the same mold."

"Well, what can I do for you?"

"I was hoping to gain your confidence..."

[-]Ruby6y110

Some Thoughts on Communal Discourse Norms

I started writing this in response to a thread about "safety", but it got long enough to warrant breaking out into its own thing.

I think it's important to people to not be attacked physically, mentally, or socially. I have a terminal preference over this, but also think it's instrumental towards truth-seeking activities too. In other words, I want people to actually be safe.

I think that when people feel unsafe and have defensive reactions, this makes their ability to think and converse much worse. It can push discussion from truth-seeking exchange to social war.

Here I think mr-hire has a point: if you don't address people's "needs" overtly, they'll start trying to get them covertly, e.g. trying to win arguments for the sake of protecting their reputation rather than trying to get to the truth. Doing things like writing hasty scathing replies rather slow, carefully considered ones (*raises hand*), and worse, feeling righteous anger while doing so. Having thoughts like "the only reason my interlocutor could think X is because they are obtuse due to their biases" rather than "maybe th

... (read more)

[-]Ruby1y102

There's an age old tension between ~"contentment" and ~"striving" with no universally accepted compelling resolution, even if many people feel they have figured it out. Related:

In my own thinking, I've been trying to ground things out in a raw consequentialism that one's cognition (including emotions) is just supposed to take you towards more value (boring, but reality is allowed to be)^[1].

I fear that a lot of what people do is ~"wireheading". The problem with wireheading is it's myopic. You feel good now (small amount of value) at the expense of greater value later. Historically, this has made me instinctively wary of various attempts to experience more contentment such as gratitude journaling. Do such things curb the pursuit of value in exchange for feeling better less unpleasant discontent in the moment?

Clarity might come from further reduction of what "value" is. The primary notion of value I operate with is preference satisfaction: the world is how you want it to be. But also a lot of value seems to flow through experience (and the preferred state of the world is one where certain experiences happen).

A model whereby gratitude journaling (or general "attend to what is good" mot... (read more)

7tailcalled1y

I think gratitude also has value in letting you recognize what is worth maintaining and what has historically shown itself to have lots of opportunities and therefore in the future may have opportunities too.

2Ruby1y

Once I'm rambling, I'll note another thought I've been mulling over: My notion of value is not the same as the value that my mind was optimized to pursue. Meaning that I ought to be wary that typical human thought patterns might not be serving me maximally. That's of course on top of the fact that evolution's design is flawed even by its own goals; humans rationanlize left, right, and center, are awfully myopic, and we'll likely all die because of it.

1ABlue1y

I don't think wireheading is "myopic" when it overlaps with self-maintenance. Classic example would be painkillers; they do ~nothing but make you "feel good now" (or at least less bad), but sometimes feeling less bad is necessary to function properly and achieve long-term value. I think that gratitude journaling is also part of this overlap area. That said I don't know many peoples' experiences with it so maybe it's more prone to "abuse" than I expect.

4Ruby1y

Yeah, I think a question is whether I want to say "that kind of wireheading isn't mypoic" vs "that isn't wireheading". Probably fine eitherway if you're consistent / taboo adequately.

[-]Ruby6y100

Hypothesis that becomes very salient from managing the LW FB page: "likes and hearts" are a measure of how much people already liked your message/conclusion*.

*And also like how well written/how alluring a title/how actually insightful/how easy to understand, etc. But it also seems that the most popular posts are those which are within the Overton window, have less inferential distance, and a likable message. That's not to say they can't have tremendous value, but it does make me think that the most popular posts are not going to be the same as the most valuable posts + optimizing for likes is not going to be same as optimizing for value.

**And maybe this seems very obvious to many already, but it just feels so much more concrete when I'm putting three posts out there a week (all of which I think are great) and seeing which get the strongest response.

***This effect may be strongest at the tails.

****I think this effect would affect Gordon's proposed NPS-rating too.

*****I have less of this feeling on LW proper, but definitely far from zero.

[-]Ruby6y*100

Narrative Tension as a Cause of Depression

I only wanted to budget a couple of hours for writing today. Might develop further and polish at a later time.

Related to and an expansion of Identities are [Subconscious] Strategies

Epistemic status: This is non-experimental psychology, my own musings. Presented here is a model derived from thinking about human minds a lot over the years, knowing many people who’ve experienced depression, and my own depression-like states. Treat it as a hypothesis, see if matches your own data and it generates helpful suggestions.

Clarifying “narrative”

In the context of psychology, I use the term narrative to describe the simple models of the world that people hold to varying degrees of implicit vs explicit awareness. They are simple in the sense of being short, being built of concepts which are basic to humans (e.g. people, relationships, roles, but not physics and statistics), and containing unsophisticated blackbox-y causal relationships like “if X then Y, if not X then not Y.”

Two main narratives

I posit that people carry two primary kinds of narratives in their minds:

Who I am (the role they are playing), and
How my life will go (the progress of their life)

T... (read more)

5RobinGoins6y

This is aligned with my thoughts on the importance of narratives, especially personal narratives. The best therapists are experts at helping pull out your stories - they ask many, many questions and function as working memory, so you can better see the shapes of your stories and what levers exist to mold them differently. (We have a word for those who tell stories - storyteller - but do we have a word for experts at pulling stories out of others?)

4Jakob_J6y

A related concept in my view is that of agency, as in how much I feel I am in control of my own life. I am not sure what is the cause and what is the effect, but I have noticed that during periods of depression I feel very little agency and during more happy periods I feel a lot more agency over my life. Often, focusing on the things I can control in my life (exercise, nutrition, social activities) over things I can't (problems at work) allows me to recover from depression a lot faster.

1Pattern6y

This can also be a standard, what someone considers a bare minimum, whether it's x amount of good things a, b, and c, or x amount of growth in areas a, b and c.

[-]Ruby7y100

Over the years, I've experienced a couple of very dramatic yet rather sudden and relatively "easy" shifts around major pain points: strong aversions, strong fears, inner conflicts, or painful yet deeply ingrained beliefs. My post Identities are [Subconscious] Strategies contains examples. It's not surprising to me that these are possible, but my S1 says they're supposed to require a lot of effort: major existential crises, hours of introspection, self-discovery journeys, drug trips, or dozens of hours with a therapist.

Have recently undergone a really big one, I noted my surprise again. Surprise, of course, is a property of bad models. (Actually, the recent shift occurred precisely because of exactly this line of thought: I noticed I was surprised and dug in, leading to an important S1 shift. Your strength as a rationalist and all that.) Attempting to come up with a model which wasn't as surprised, this is what I've got:

The shift involved S1 models. The S1 models had been there a long time, maybe a very long time. When that happens, they begin to seem how the world just *is*. If emotions arise from those models, and those models are so entrenched t... (read more)

4Kaj_Sotala6y

Unlocking the Emotional Brain is basically about this.

[-]Ruby2y90

The LessWrong admins are often evaluating whether users (particularly new users) are going to be productive members of the site vs are just really bad and need strong action taken.

A question we're currently disagreeing on is which pieces of evidence it's okay to look at in forming judgments. Obviously anything posted publicly. But what about:

- Drafts (admins often have good reason to look at drafts, so they're there)
- Content the user deleted
- The referring site that sent someone to LessWrong

I'm curious how people feel about moderators looking at those.

Alt... (read more)

[-]Raemon2y100

I want to clarify the draft thing:

In general LW admins do not look at drafts, except when a user has specifically asked for help debugging something. I indeed care a lot about people feeling like they can write drafts without an admin sneaking a peak.

The exceptions under discussion are things like "a new user's first post or comment looks very confused/crackpot-ish, to the point where we might consider banning the user from the site. The user has some other drafts. (I think a central case here is a new user shows up with a crackpot-y looking Theory of Everything. The first post that they've posted publicly looks sort of borderline crackpot-y and we're not sure what call to make. A thing we've done sometimes is do a quick skim of their other drafts to see if they're going in a direction that looks more reassuring or "yeah this person is kinda crazy and we don't want them around.")

I think the new auto-rate-limits somewhat relax the need for this (I feel a bit more confident that crackpots will get downvoted, and then automatically rate limited, instead of something the admins have to monitor and manage). I think I'd have defended the need to have this tool in the past, but it might b... (read more)

2Dagon2y

I apologize if I implied that the mods were routinely looking at private data without reason - I do, in fact, trust your intentions very deeply, and I'm sad when my skepticism about the ability to predict future value bleeds over into making your jobs harder. I wonder if the missing feature might be a status for "post approval required" - if someone triggers your "probably a crackpot" intuition, rather than the only options being "ban" or "normal access" have a "watchlist" option, where posts and comments have a 60-minute delay before becoming visible (in addition to rate limiting). The only trustworthy evidence about future posts is the posts themselves - drafts or deleted things only show that they have NOT decided to post that. Note that I don't know how big a problem this is. I think that's a great credit to the mods - you're removing the truly bad before I notice it, and leaving some not-great-but-not-crackpot, which I think is about right. This makes it very hard for me to be confident in any opinions about whether you're putting too much work into prior-censorship or not.

7Rafael Harth2y

I'm emotionally very opposed to looking at drafts of anyone, though this is not a rationally thought out position. I don't have the same reaction toward votes because I don't feel like you have an expectation of privacy there. There are forums where upvotes are just non-anonymous by default.

3Nathan Young2y

Ruby, why doesn't your shortform have agree/disagreevote?

2Raemon2y

It was made in the past and we hadn't gotten around to updating all shortforms to use the new voting system.

2Max H2y

Personal opinion: it's fine and good for the mods to look at all available evidence when making these calls, including votes and vote patterns. If someone is borderline, I'd rather they be judged based on all available info about them, and I think the more data the mods look at more closely, the more accurate and precise their judgments will be. I'm not particularly worried about a moderator being incorrectly "biased" from observing a low-quality draft or a suspect referral; I trust the mods to be capable of making roughly accurate Bayesian updates based on those observations. I also don't think there's a particularly strong expectation or implicit promise about privacy (w.r.t mods; of course I don't expect anyone's votes or drafts to be leaked to the public...) especially for new / borderline users. Separately, I feel like the precise policies and issues here are not worth sweating too much, for the mods / LW team. I think y'all are doing a great job overall, and it's OK if the moderation policy towards new users is a bit adhoc / case-by-case. In particular, I don't expect anything in the neighborhood of current moderation policies / rate-limiting / privacy violations currently implemented or being discussed to have any noticeable negative effects, on me personally or on most users. (In particular, I disagree pretty strongly with the hypothesis in e.g. this comment; I don't expect rate limits or any other moderation rules / actions to have any impact whatsoever on my own posting / commenting behavior, and I don't give them any thought when posting or commenting myself. I suspect the same is true for most other users, who are either unaware of them or don't care / don't notice.)

2Dagon2y

How frequent are moderation actions? Is this discussion about saving moderator effort (by banning someone before you have to remove the rate-limited quantity of their bad posts), or something else? I really worry about "quality improvement by prior restraint" - both because low-value posts aren't that harmful, they get downvoted and ignored pretty easily, and because it can take YEARS of trial-and-error for someone to become a good participant in LW-style discussions, and I don't want to make it impossible for the true newbies (young people discovering this style for the first time) to try, fail, learn, try, fail, get frustrated, go away, come back, and be slightly-above-neutral for a bit before really hitting their stride. Relatedly: I'm struck that it seems like half or more of posts get promoted to frontpage (if the /allPosts list is categorizing correctly, at least). I can't see how many posts are deleted, of course, but I wonder if, rather than moderation, a bit more option in promotion/depromotion would help. If we had another category (frontpage, personal, and random), and mods moved things both up and down pretty easily, it would make for lower-stakes decisionmaking, and you wouldn't have to ban anyone unless they're making lots of work for mods even after being warned (or are just pure spam, which doesn't seem to be the question triggering this discussion).

2DragonGod2y

I agree with Dagon here. Six years ago after discovering HPMOR and reading part (most?) of the Sequences, I was a bad participant in old LW and rationalist subreddits. I would probably have been quickly banned on current LW. It really just takes a while for people new to LW like norms to adjust.

2Dagon2y

Can you formalize the threat model a bit more? What is the harm you're trying to prevent with this predictive model of whether a user (new or not) will be "productive" or "really bad"? I'm mostly interested in your cost estimates for false positive/negative and your error bars for the information you have available. Also, how big is the gap between "productive" and "really bad". MOST users are neither - they're mildly good to mildly bad, with more noise than signal to figure out the sign. The bayesean in me says "use all data you have", but the libertarian side says "only use data that the target would expect to be used", and even more "I don't believe you'll USE the less-direct data to reach correct conclusions". For example, is it evidence of responsibility that someone deleted a bad comment, or evidence of risk that they wrote it in the first place? I DO strongly object to differential treatment of new users. Long-term users have more history to judge them on, but aren't inherently different, and certainly shouldn't have more expectation of privacy. I do NOT strongly object to a clear warning that drafts, deleted comments, and DMs are not actually private, and will often be looked at by site admins. I DO object to looking at them without the clear notice that LW is different than a naive expectation in this regard. I should say explicitly: I have VERY different intuitions of what's OK to look at routinely for new users (or old) in a wide-net or general policy vs what's OK to look at if you have some reason (a complaint or public indication of suspicious behavior) to investigate an individual. I'd be very conservative on the former, and pretty darn detailed on the latter. I think you're fully insane (or more formally, have an incoherent privacy, threat, and prediction model) if you look at deleted/private/draft messages, and ignore voting patterns.

[-]Ruby4mo81

Reading A Self-Dialogue on The Value Proposition of Romantic Relationships, had the following thought:

There's often a "proposition" and separately "implications of the proposition". People often deny a proposition in order to avoid the implications, e.g. Bucket Errors

I wonder how much "you're perfect as you are" is an instance. People need to say or believe this to avoid some implication, but if you could just avoid the implication it would be okay to be imperfect.

[-]Ruby3y80

I want to register a weak but nonzero prediction that Anthropic’s interpretability publication of A Mathematical Framework for Transformers Circuits will turn out to lead to large capabilities gains and in hindsight will be regarded as a rather bad move that it was published.

Something like we’ll have capabilities-advancing papers citing it and using its framework to justify architecture improvements.

4the gears to ascension3y

Agreed, and I don't think this is bad, nor that they did anything but become the people to implement what the zeitgeist demanded. It was the obvious next step, if they hadn't done it, someone else who cared less about trying to use it to make systems actually do what humans want would have done it. So the question is, are they going to release their work for others to use, or just hoard it until someone less scrupulous releases their models? It's looking like they're trying to keep it "in the family" so only corporations can use it. Kinda concerning. If human understandability hadn't happened, the next step might have been entirely automated sparsification, and those don't necessarily produce anything humans can use to understand. Distillation into understandable models is an extremely powerful trajectory.

2riceissa3y

Not the same paper, but related: https://twitter.com/jamespayor/status/1634447672303304705

[-]Ruby5y70

Just updated the Concepts Portal. Tags that got added are:

4Ruby5y

Also Fermi Estimation

[-]Ruby3y60

Edit: I thought this distinction must have been pointed out somewhere. I see it under Raw of Law vs Rule of Man

Law is Ultimate vs Judge is Ultimate

Just writing up a small idea for reference elsewhere. I think spaces can get governed differently on one pretty key dimension, and that's who/what is supposed to driving the final decision.

Option 1: What gets enforced by courts, judgeds, police, etc in countries is "the law" of various kinds, e.g. the Constitution. Lawyers and judges attempt to interpret the law and apply it in given circumstances, often with re... (read more)

[-]Ruby4y60

PSA:

Is Slack your primary coordination tool with your coworkers?

If you're like me, you send a lot of messages asking people for information or to do things, and if your coworkers are resource-limited humans like mine, they won't always follow-up on the timescale you need.

How do you ensure loops get closed without maintaining a giant list of unfinished things in your head?

I used Slacks remind-me feature extensively. Whenever I send a message that I want to follow-up on if the targeted party doesn't get back to me within a certain time frame, I set a reminde... (read more)

[-]Ruby22d*5-2

The new LessWrong Feed is now out of beta/AB-test and into general release. If you were previously in the control arm of the A/B test, you might be surprised now to see the "Your Feed" section, but it is now here for all!

For some users, Recent Discussion provided something valuable but I think it being a firehouse of all content with no smart prioritization or filtering of what to show you, together with a ~cluttered design, made it not a great basis for content-section for the site. The New Feed is trying to improve on both the UI and algorithm front.

If y... (read more)

[-]Ruby11mo42

Errors are my own

At first blush, I find this caveat amusing.

1. If there are errors, we can infer that those providing feedback were unable to identify them.
2. If the author was fallible enough to have made errors, perhaps they are are fallible enough to miss errors in input sourced from others.

What purpose does it serve? Given its often paired with "credit goes to..<list of names> it seems like an attempt that people providing feedback/input to a post are only exposed to upside from doing so, and the author takes all the downside reputation risk if t... (read more)

8gwillen11mo

I think this makes sense as a reminder of a thing that is true anyway, as you somewhat already said; but also consider situations like: * A given reviewer was only reviewing for substance, and the error is stylistic, or vice versa; * A given reviewer was only reviewing for a subset of the subject matter; * A given reviewer was reviewing an early draft, and an error was introduced in a later draft. In general a given reviewer will not necessarily have a real opportunity to catch any particular error, and usually a reader won't have enough context to determine whether they did or didn't. The author by contrast always bears responsibility for errors. I think the point of the caveat is that it is polite to thank people who helped, but putting someone's name on something implies they bear responsibility for it, and so the disclaimer is meant to keep the acknowledgement from being double-edged in an inappropriate way. Someone familiar with the writing and editing process will already in theory know all these things; someone who is not familiar maybe won't be. But ultimately I see it as kind of a phatic courtesy which merely alludes to all this.

4Viliam11mo

"Credit goes to A, B, and C. The errors are probably theirs too, and my error was to trust them." Better? :D

[-]Ruby6y40

Great quote from Francis Bacon (Novum Organum Book 2:8):

Don’t be afraid of large numbers or tiny fractions. In dealing with numbers it is as easy to write or think a thousand or a thousandth as to write or think one.

[-]Ruby6y40

Converting this from a Facebook comment to LW Shortform.

A friend complains about recruiters who send repeated emails saying things like "just bumping this to the top of your inbox" when they have no right to be trying to prioritize their emails over everything else my friend might be receiving from friends, travel plans, etc. The truth is they're simply paid to spam.

Some discussion of repeated messaging behavior ensued. These are my thoughts:

I feel conflicted about repeatedly messaging people. All the following being factors in this conflict... (read more)

[-]Ruby7y40

For my own reference.

Brief timeline of notable events for LW2:

2017-09-20 LW2 Open Beta launched
(2017-10-13 There is No Fire Alarm published)
(2017-10-21 AlphaGo Zero Significance post published)
2017-10-28 Inadequate Equilibria first post published
(2017-12-30 Goodhart Taxonomy Publish) <- maybe part of January spike?
2018-03-23 Official LW2 launch and switching of www.lesswrong.com to point to the new site.

In parentheses events are possible draws which spiked traffic at those times.

[-]Ruby2y*30

Huh, well that's something.

I'm curious, who else got this? And if yes, anyone click the link? Why/why not?

4Richard_Kennaway2y

I got the poll and voted, but not the follow-up, only "You [sic] choice has been made. It cannot be unmade."

3Max H2y

I got that exact message, and did click the link, about 1h after the timestamp of the message in my inbox. Reasoning: * The initial poll doesn't actually mention that the results would be used to decide the topic of next year's Petrov Day. I think all the virtues are important, but if you want to have a day specifically focusing on one, it might make more sense to have the day focused on the least voted virtue (or just not the most-voted one), since it is more likely to be neglected. * I predict there was no outright majority (just a plurality) in the original poll. So most likely, the only thing the first clicker is deciding is going with the will of something like a 20% minority group instead of a 30% minority group. * I predict that if you ran a ranked-choice poll that was explicitly on which virtue to make the next Petrov Day about, the plurality winner of the original poll would not win. All of these reasons are independent of my actual initial choice, and seem like the kind of thing that an actual majority of the initial poll respondents might agree with me about. And it actually seems preferable (or at least not harmful) if one of the other minorities gets selected instead, i.e. my actual preference ordering for what next year's Petrov Day should be about is (my own choice) > (one of the other two minority options) > (whatever the original plurality selection was). If lots of other people have a similar preference ordering, then it's better for most people if anyone clicks the link, and if you happen to be the first clicker, you get a bonus of having your own personal favorite choice selected. (Another prediction, less confident than my first two: I was not the first clicker, but the first clicker was also someone who initially chose the "Avoiding actions..." virtue in the first poll.)

2Dagon2y

I got both mails (with a different virtue). I clicked on it. I think this is a meta-petrov, where everyone has the choice to make their preference (likely all in the minority, or stated as such even if not) the winner, or to defer to others. I predict that it will eventually be revealed that the outcome would be better if nobody clicked the second link. I defected, because pressing buttons is fun.

2jam_brand2y

A small extra detail not mentioned: the end of the linked URL is "unilateralism=true".

2Trinley Goldenberg2y

I got both messages, didn't click the second.

1frontier642y

I got it both messages. Only clicked on the first. I guess other admins besides you were working on this and didn't say anything to you?

[-]Ruby5y30

When I have a problem, I have a bias towards predominantly Googling and reading. This is easy, comfortable, do it from laptop or phone. The thing I'm less inclined to do is ask other people – not because I think they won't have good answers, just because...talking to people.

I'm learning to correct for this. The think about other people is 1) sometimes they know more, 2) they can expose your mistaken assumptions.

The triggering example for this note is an appointment I had today with a hand and arm specialist for the unconventional RSI I've been experiencing... (read more)

2ChristianKl5y

Without medical training one has a lot of unknown unknowns when researching issues oneself. Talking things through with a doctor can often help to get aware of medical knowledge that's relevant.

2Ruby5y

Yeha, it's easy to get discouraged though when initial doctors clearly know less than you and only know of the most common diagnoses which very much don't seem to apply. Hence my advice to keep looking for doctors who do know more.

2ChristianKl5y

My point was that even if you know more specific facts then the doctor you are talking to, he might still be able to tell you something useful. When it comes to asking people to get knowledge total amount of knowledge isn't the only thing that matters. It matters a great deal that they have different knowledge then you.

2Ruby5y

True, true.

[-]Ruby3mo20

Six years ago we introduced Shortform (later renamed Quick Takes) to LessWrong. Here's a meme-format thing we made at the time. How do people reckon it's gone? h/t @Raemon

4the gears to ascension3mo

It's everything I ever wanted when I repeatedly argued it was the most important thing

4Said Achmiz3mo

I think that the Shortform feature has gone just fine, but that meme shows a complete misunderstanding of the problem.

7[anonymous]3mo

I agree. LessWrong indeed isn't epistemically rigorous enough to consistently generate important and correct rationality insights.[1] And I observe that it has mostly stopped trying.[2] But the reason it isn't rigorous enough isn't because of shortform. It's for two other, different reasons. One is that users don't consistently follow proper norms and standards of discourse that reliably result in genuine truthseeking. I have summarized the recurrent flaws here. These are far more basic mistakes than merely "shortform-induced laziness generating less thought-out takes," so introducing shortform had little to do with it. The other is far more fundamental, and basically impossible to resolve in its current state. That's because it's the result of the structural feedback and reward loops embedded in the very notion of an online forum and "community," and the net effect of introducing shortforms into this is negligible at best. The shortest and most compact descriptions I can point to for what I mean are Richard Ngo's comments here and here, along with drossbucket's comment here. Long story short, as Richard put it: After spending a lot of time observing this site and how people interact with it, I have concluded users generally find it just too effortful and time-consuming and unfun to do steps 3 and 5 above consistently.[3] Even though those are precisely the most important steps that weed out the vast majority of incoherent, poorly thought-out, or just plain wrong ideas and allow the actually important insights to flourish. If you want LW to stop "teetering on the edge of epistemic rigor," as the meme says, you don't need to get users to take shortforms and pad them out with a few paragraphs to make them into proper posts. You need something totally different. You basically need @Steven Byrnes-type analyses, like this one.[4] And you need them everywhere. I'm not holding my breath. 1. ^ Despite occasional half-hearted assertions to the contrary from

2TAG3mo

What is the point of scholarship , steps 3 and 5? If the point of 3 is to find the flaws in a seemingly attractive theory, that's very commendable, but it's not necessary to do the work yourself ... you can go to a forum populated by experts , and ask for comments. There's also an issue where ideas that don't appear defensible at first glance can get pruned prematurely. (Just because you can't see how it could work...) Indeterminism, libertarian free will and moral realism are prominent examples here.

6[anonymous]3mo

And what forum is that? The point of Richard Ngo's comment is that LW doesn't do steps 3 and 5 either,[1] not frequently and reliably enough to be sufficient. And sadly, I'm not aware of any other forums that do this either. Particularly because the kinds of questions LW is interested in (rationality, AI, general sociological speculation) are not ones where established experts can directly point to existing literature that answers those questions clearly and unequivocally. Take something like Raemon's attempts to do feedbackloop-first rationality as a representative example. Doing steps 3 and 5 reliably seems to basically require a commitment similar to that of a full-time job.[2] And it requires a tremendous amount of already-existing expertise, and a fair bit of research taste, and a commitment to norms and principles of epistemic rationality, etc. All without pay and without the allure of increased reputation and publications on your CV that working in regular academia gives you. 1. ^ Not even in comments 2. ^ As a necessary, but surely not sufficient, condition

-1TAG3mo

If it's philosophy, you can go to philosophyforums.com or philosophy.stackexchange.com or r/askphilosophy. If it's physics, you can go to physicsforums.com...etc. I was taking that for granted that you are unlikely to get definitive answers, and the exercise was more about avoiding known errors -- "reinventing the wheel and making it square". What is the point of steps 3 and 5? Even if you are soliciting expert advice, not delving into primary sources? It's possibly for experts to turn up and offer unsolicited critique as well...but the recipient needs to listen to benefit.

[-]Ruby4y20

Test

9Dagon4y

Success! Or maybe Fail! if you hoped it not to be visible.

[-]Ruby6y20

Failed replications notwithstanding, I think there's something to Fixed vs Growth Mindset. In particular, Fixed Mindset leading to failure being demoralizing, since it is evidence you are a failure, rings true.

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