Pascal's mugging refers to a thought experiment in decision theory, a finite analogue of Pascal's wager.
Suppose someone comes to me and says, "Give me five dollars, or I'll use my magic powers from outside the Matrix to run a Turing machine that simulates and kills 3^^^^3 people. – Pascal's Mugging: Tiny Probabilities of Vast Utilities
See also: Decision theory, Counterfactual Mugging, Shut up and multiply, Expected Utility, Utilitarianism, Scope Insensitivity...