Nonmindkilling open questions

[-][anonymous]14y340

Medicine provides many important-feeling examples that aren't politically charged.

Will she survive the operation?
Does he have the flu or food poisoning? Or West Nile Virus?
How long will this migraine last?

9TimS14y

Medical diagnosis (i.e. flu v. food poisoning) seems like a particularly accessible example.

Is it even possible to have an open question that lots of people would understand that wouldn't serve for signaling?

6Costanza14y

I was thinking along the same lines, then saw your comment. I suspect an issue can't really become "popular" without some some signaling or wishful thinking involved. Probability of a major earthquake in California this year? High, if you hope those damnfool leftcoasters are finally going to get what's coming to them. Low, if you have a lot of money tied up in property in California.

1Crux14y

Almost everything seems to serve for signaling at least somewhat. Even with my example, which I think seems to have an unusually dense combination of commonality of being asked, how fun or interesting it seems, and how impartial or non-partisan the answer would be, you could certainly still signal being pessimistic by saying no, or all futuristic or something by saying yes, or whatever. I think the point would be less to find something that wouldn't serve for signaling at all, and more to come up with something that would be the least infected with the most mind-killing sort of signaling. Anything sufficiently interesting and common probably has at least some non-trivial signaling incentives.

[-]RolfAndreassen14y220

How about "The stock market will rise over the next month/year/decade", or "unemployment will go up", or some similar economics question?

8The Dao of Bayes14y

I'd actually go more specific: Will the stock market will rise TOMORROW (alternately: in 3 days / next Thursday / etc.)? There's a lot more doubt on a smaller time scale (or, at least, that's my impression looking at the little squiggly graphs?), whereas general trends of "it will go up/down over the next month/year" are an area that plenty of people seem willing to assert unwarranted confidence in. I'd expect (or at least hope) that very few people would put > 90% odds on it going up/down on a daily basis. It also strikes me as a very CLEARLY uncertain answer - even someone who believes it will rise over the next month, year, and decade will probably concede that it's variable for tomorrow. But, at the same time, it's not a simple 50/50 - if you believe it will rise over the next year, you're probably going to assume a higher chance of it going up tomorrow too. (I haven't touched the stock market in two decades, so I might be making a stupid mistake in reasoning here)

3NoSignalNoNoise14y

Alternatively, a specific stock could work, possibly over a longer time-frame, and I think it would be easier to have an interesting discussion (if that is one of the goals) about it. Someone who doesn't follow the market extremely closely probably won't have anything to say about why they think the market has a certain probability of going up/down next Tuesday, but people should generally be able to form a coherent (even if not particularly accurate) impression of a major company's prospects from general knowledge. In order to avoid mind-killing, it would be best to avoid AAPL or any company in a politically charged sector (energy, banking, defense, healthcare), but that leaves plenty of room. I would be most inclined to go with GOOG, because everyone is very familiar their products.

0The Dao of Bayes14y

Asserting p(GOOG goes up over the next year) > 0.9 doesn't seem that absurd to me. Asserting p(GOOG goes up tomorrow) > 0.9 does seem a bit absurd to me. I'm not sure whether one is ACTUALLY more absurd than the other, but it intuitive FEELS to me that an economist OUGHT to be able to make long-term predictions about major, stable stocks with 90%+ confidence. Even if this intuition is wrong (and I'd love to hear if it is!), I think many people will share this intuitive reaction. The goal is after all to select an example which is both factually correct AND intuitively appealing to people. So, an unintuitive but true statement would lack that "gut reaction" value.

8komponisto14y

Indeed, predictions as a general category: "[Insert candidate] will win the next election for [insert office]." "[Insert speculative technology] will be widely available by [insert year]."

7Nisan14y

"The next major earthquake in California will occur within the next 10 years."

2orthonormal14y

One good feature of using Intrade predictions: rather than having to count on the audience's agreement that there exist smart people on both sides, you can simply point to a well-traded contract hovering around 50% and note that even if many of the traders are irrational, there are enough smart rich people to buy it up/down if the answer really were obvious to the intelligent.

1TimS14y

Many of these sorts of questions (both broad economic and political outcome type questions) have obvious political implications. Thus, they are likely to be very mind-killing.

7komponisto14y

Without doubt, so one would have to choose carefully. That said, I would expect that, even on the most politically charged topics, people would be more comfortable with uncertainty regarding predictions than regarding other beliefs. For example, it's probably easier to have a mentally nonlethal discussion about whether Obama will be re-elected than one about whether he should be.

1TimS14y

Easier - yes. Actually easy to have that conversation without mind-killing - in many cases, probably not.

0komponisto14y

Agreed.

3juliawise14y

That's exactly the kind of questions the Good Judgement Project is asking, but only about events in other nations. I don't think most Americans care much about who will be elected president of the Philippines or whether peace talks between x and y nations will resume before May 1st.

4Costanza14y

I'd think that, especially (but not only) in a presidential election year, this question would be corrupted by politics. If the current administration represents My Team, then it is certainly handling the economy well, and therefore, the stock market will rise and unemployment will fall.

0Logos0114y

If it smells like it might earn them money people will drop signaling in favor of actually instrumental behaviors FAR more readily. I think this is a winner.

[-]Costanza14y210

I tentatively suggest there's a pattern here.

By default, and in practice for the great majority, no factual question can be regarded as popular or important unless it provides an opportunity for status signaling or mind killing.

However, if there is something like a prediction market, a tiny minority will adapt to become specialists in making accurate and profitable predictions.

This applies to sports and stock trades. Most people will be happy to be a [LOCAL SPORTS TEAM] fan, and will happily remained biased for signaling purposes, maybe making penny-ante bets to show loyalty. Professional bookmakers in Vegas and professional coaches of sports teams have to look at reality, or else find another job. Similarly, people in finance may have strong political opinions on their own time, but if they don't make money, they'll be out of a job.

This doesn't necessarily help if you're trying to "explain to people how beliefs should be expressed in probabilities" to the vast majority of people who don't have skin in the game. But you could appeal to their imagination.

[-]Vaniver14y210

Or if I were to try the existence of God, I predict half the population would say it's 100% certain God exists, and the other half would say the opposite.

That sounds like a massive overestimate of the percentage of atheists.

9Zetetic14y

Not to mention a massive underestimation of intermediate positions, e.g. the doubting faithful, agnostics, people with consciously chosen, reasonable epistemology etc. This sets that number to 0. I've met plenty of more liberal theists that didn't assert 100% certainty.

1CharlesR14y

It depends what you mean by 'God'.

[-]calef14y210

"What is the probability there is microbial-like life (other than from earth) in our solar system?"

I'm having difficulty giving this a good estimate, myself, actually.

8Nisan14y

This is good because it's not a future event.

1tgb14y

Can you elaborate on what you mean by this comment, Nisan? I don't see why that is relevant.

5Nisan14y

The future seems less definite than the present. I can imagine someone telling Yvain "Well, sure, we can assign a probability to whether there will be a major earthquake in California in the next ten years, because it hasn't happened yet. But a proposition about the present is either true or false; probabilities aren't appropriate for that." I've never heard anyone say that, but I think it's something people would say.

-2tgb14y

So why does that mean that it is good to have difficulty coming up with a good estimate of whether an existing statement is true? It seems like your hypothetical argument is obviously wrong from the Bayesian point-of-view, for example see this recent article. You sound like you don't support this hypothetical argument, so I still don't understand your original comment.

1Nisan14y

As I understand it, the purpose of Yvain's post is to come up with specific propositions that he can use to convince people that probabilities are appropriate for thinking about propositions in general. calef's comment above is a pedagogically useful proposition for this purpose because it satisfies most (if not all) of the criteria Yvain listed in his post. My comment to calef points out an additional point in its favor: The proposition is not about a future event, so it sidesteps a possible pedagogical failure mode that I described in the grandparent. I think you misidentified what the word "this" refers to in my response to calef.

1tgb14y

Aha! It suddenly makes sense. Thanks.

0A1987dM14y

The best among the ones I've read this far. (E.T. Jaynes used “There once was life on Mars” as an example for something similar.) Though it doesn't fully meet condition #2, as I guess most people wouldn't give a damn about that. I'm not sure conditions #2, #4 and #5 are compatible.

[-]jefftk14y180

Will it rain next Thursday?

3faul_sname14y

Where I am, I would feel comfortable assigning that <10% probability.

2jefftk14y

Will it rain in London next Thursday? (11-15 rainy days per month)

0faul_sname14y

http://www.weather.com/weather/tenday/UKXX0085 See for yourself. Regardless, these aren't particularly open questions. I would trust those people who have spent years developing fairly good models to have a better answer than I do.

3jefftk14y

Will it rain in London six months from today? (Perhaps I'm planning an outdoor wedding.) I don't believe anyone has a way to do better predicting six months out than just looking at historical rain/shine rates.

0faul_sname14y

My point is that while this is non-mindkilling and an open question, there isn't much productive discussion you can have about it. Forecasters can slightly beat the averages when talking 6 months out, but they do that through the use of sophisticated computer models, not rational discussion. Without spending months or years learning how exactly those models worked and developing improvements, I don't expect to be able to come up with a better answer than the current accepted one. So this really isn't an open question of the class we're interested in.

0jefftk14y

I'm not sure whether you and Yvain are using "open question" the same way here. I think Yvain is just using it to mean "we don't know either way", not in the "not figured out yet but we want a real solution" sense of open problem.

0faul_sname14y

Yes, but open problems that we won't come up with better answers than the answers already out there are not terribly useful to discuss.

0Alsadius14y

But the point is not to discuss them, it's to show people that they should not assert 100% probabilities.

0faul_sname14y

I don't really see sides here. It's more "the forecast says x%". So while reasonable people will admit to probability estimates other than 0 or 100%, that's because of the format the information is presented in.

0roystgnr14y

Substitute "next week" or "next month" as appropriate.

0faul_sname14y

Next week: 90%+ Next month: See next week.

0Luke_A_Somers14y

So, you very much expect it to rain some time next week, but specifically not next thursday. Is that because you have storm clouds coming in? 'cause if they're independent, that math doesn't work out at all. probability of 7 days of not-rain 0.9 ^ 7 > 0.1

0faul_sname14y

Indeed, am am expecting no rain on Thursday, but it's raining now. Specifically on Thursday, we will have a dry air mass moving in.

2djcb14y

That's a good one - it also allows for very easy demonstration of updating ones belief on new information (ie., was the day comes closer).

[-]XFrequentist14y130

Questions from DAGGRE with a current estimate between 10 and 90%:

Will Ayman al-Zawahiri still be recognized as the leader of al-Qaeda as of 31 december 2012?

Will there be an official announcement of a new sovereign debt restructuring program for Greece before June 1, 2012?

Will the forces of Alassane Outtara defeat the forces of Laurent Gbagbo in the Ivory Coast before 1 December 2012?

Will Croatia’s GDP grow more than 0 percent in calendar 2012?

Will €1 Euro buy less than $1.20 Australian dollars at any point before 1 January 2013?

Will there will be a 50%-effective malaria vaccine available for general use before 2015?

6Scott Alexander14y

These would all make decent examples, but I'm surprised by how many posts here have concentrated solely on future events (which are obviously uncertain). I'm curious whether there are any questions about the past or present that fit these criteria.

4Alsadius14y

In order for probabilities to be logical as an approach, you need ignorance. Ignorance is in much more ample supply in the future than it is in the past.

[-]sixes_and_sevens14y100

Some suggestions:

Events subject to institutionalised gambling. (I imagine LW doesn't have a massive sports fan or gambling element)
Popular, non-crackpot conspiracy theories (admittedly, I can't think of many)
Historical mysteries (Amelia Earhart, crew of the Marie Celeste, etc.)
Common misconceptions
Etymology of words

1Paul Crowley14y

A non-crackpot conspiracy theory: what's the connection between News International and the murder of Daniel Morgan#2011_News_of_theWorld.22investigative_journalism.22_scandal)?

[-]Daniel_Starr14y90

People care about their health, and there's a lot we don't know about even very popular, non-technical habits.

Does a daily aspirin help prevent cancer?

Is running better for your health than other exercise?

[Will you live longer if you switch from a typical American diet to a vegan diet?][oops. Okay, mindkillers are everywhere.]

(For specific probabilities, add parameters, e.g., 'live 3 months longer.' Or ask what parameter value the 50% probability should be at.)

5NancyLebovitz14y

Vegetarianism/veganism vs. meat-eating is a mind-killing subject.

6faul_sname14y

I think that if you changed "vegetarian" to "less meat", it would no longer be mindkilling.

0Daniel_Starr14y

Ah. Point.

0Hansenista14y

It's still a good idea, though. If you changed it to, say, paleo vs. Okinawan diets, I think it would work fine.

[-]lavalamp14y80

[Sports team listener is known to like] will win the [upcoming sports event].

0faul_sname14y

I think that there, you would be better off looking up the odds that your favorite bookie is offering.

[-]The Dao of Bayes14y190

If you can convince people to check a bookie's odds instead of asserting "WOO! Go team go! You're #1!" then I think you have succeeded in raising the sanity waterline...

3Hansenista14y

Clearly cheering on a sports team and checking a bookie's odds fulfill two different functions. One is about signaling, whereas the other is about improving your knowledge. Trying to convince someone to forsake one in favor of the other makes about as much sense as telling them to buy a Prius instead of learning to juggle.

1The Dao of Bayes14y

Agreed. Teaching someone to differentiate those two would still probably qualify as raising the sanity waterline, though. People do make wagers and answer research questions based off the "social signalling" behavior, and I doubt that this is usually desired or worthwhile behavior (i.e. I doubt many people make bad $100 bets because they want to signal loyalty. I think they make them because they are genuinely confused)

3faul_sname14y

You're right, unfortunately.

[-]Crux14y80

Maybe whether we'll encounter intelligent life from another planet sometime within the next century?

1Joshua Hobbes14y

By encounter, do you mean receive messages from? Because as far as I know the chances of us ever leaving the solar system without any sort of Superintelligence are slim.

1Crux14y

I mean anything involving us learning of their existence. Receiving messages from, observing from far away, actually coming into physical contact with, or anything else that would mean they exist. So I guess the question is whether we'll find out there's intelligent life elsewhere in the universe, and specifically whether we'll do so within a certain time frame (such as a century). This seems like a good example of what Yvain is looking for because there's no common political or social signaling incentive (right?), it seems pretty up in the air, it's sort of a fun question for most people, it's common, etc.

[-]Omegaile13y50

You could ask: Was the Trojan War an actual historical event?

It is not actually an popular question, but it is a question about a popular subject. I wouldn't say it's important, but it fits all other criteria. You could fill the listener about the details.

1A1987dM13y

E.T. Jaynes in PT:TLoS used “Achilles is a real historical person (i.e., not a myth invented by later writers)” in an example. (I don't like it because it's not binary: there's a whole continuum between writers inventing him completely from scratch not based on any real individual at all, and writers having always been as truthful about him as they could have been. I don't think either extreme is true.)

[-]Will_Newsome14y50

Or if I were to try the existence of God, I predict half the population would say it's 100% certain God exists, and the other half would say the opposite.

So this might be the result of huge selection effects, but most "average or somewhat-above-agerage" people I've met, e.g. people at my high school, were agnostic, and weren't very mind-killed on the subject; in fact, they were mostly disinterested, and wary of both theistic and atheistic evangelism. I think the God question would work just fine for such people.

ETA: Ah, Vaniver already said similarly.

[-]Dagon14y30

Reading the comments, I'm not sure we're addressing the question you're asking.

Prediction market proponents have put a lot of thought into how to turn mind-killing open-ended questions (far-mode) into resolvable bets (near-mode), often by use of conditional wagers (chance of Y, wager valid only if X happens). This is a good mechanism for applying percentages to such questions.

However, it completely bypasses the point I think you're trying to make, which is that all useful beliefs are of this form. Basically, you want a simple-example summary of Making Be... (read more)

[-]CronoDAS14y30

It's a bit esoteric for many people, but nobody knows whether or not the LHC will find the Higgs boson...

0florian14y

I don't think that's a good question. You're right that, technically, nobody knows, but my impression is that many physicists would be comfortable assigning p > 0.9 that it will.

0A1987dM14y

The LHC has already collected a few sigma's worth of evidence that the Higgs boson exists. (I'm assuming find means ‘> 5 sigma’ here.)

[-]Kevin14y20

How about nutrition related questions? The exact wording of the question is tricky, but something like

"Will a low fat diet help most people lose weight?" isn't the kind of thing that inspires 0% or 100% responses.

1Hansenista14y

Too vague; "a low fat diet" could be taken to mean replacing fats with carbs, replacing fats with proteins, or just eating less in general. Otherwise I think it's a fine idea.

1DanArmak14y

Diets are mindkilling. Someone who is or has been on a diet, or has someone important to them who has, will treat choice of and necessity of dieting as a purely affiliation/signalling game.

0Hansenista14y

By that criterion, anything people can have an opinion on is "mindkilling". Yes, people are vulnerable to becoming entrenched in any way of thinking, but some are less vulnerable to such than others. And in my experience, diets are something people tend to be open to a variety of opinions on.

2DanArmak14y

Anything people can have an opinion on is potentially mindkilling, yes, but I was saying diets are actually so for very many people. Basically, my experience runs counter to yours: I've seen a lot of people being unreasonable and irrational about dieting, whether or not they are/were dieting themselves. I'm happy that you can have rational conversations about diets with people. I still think my experience isn't extraordinary and so diets would be a poor choice for the OP's question.

0wedrifid14y

You're right here of course. It would seem, however that this is such a basic element of our daily existence that it may be worth simply ignoring those with mind killing issues on the subject and bullying the subject down to one of plain good decision making and science, at least in this context.

[-]thomblake14y10

I agree that 1, 2, and 3 together eliminate all non-mindkilling topics. For a question to be well-known and unanswered, the world must not push back on it very hard (not important). Seemingly important unanswered questions are precisely the domain of religion, on one model ("why are we here?"). And it's been observed that the mindkilling aspects of debates increase inversely with their observable consequences.

[-]Dentin14y10

I'm going to go out in the weeds, and simply point at places where probabilities are used all the time: betting.

will there be more than one winner of the XYZ Jackpot Lottery on this drawing?
who is going to win the superbowl?
what are the odds of the Buffalo Sabres making it to the playoffs?
who will win such and such boxing match?
which horse will win this race?

Odds are well understood in these environments, and by picking a sport that a person is only peripherally interested in, most of the mindkilling effects should be reduced to a non-dangerous level.

2Crux14y

But isn't the point to find something where it's sort of unexpected to express the belief as a probability? I may have misunderstood Yvain's intention, but I don't think he was looking for examples where everybody already expresses them in probabilities. I thought he was trying to figure out how to explain the important epistemological point that an empirical belief must be a probability (range somewhere 0-100%, usually not at either extreme), because a lot of people seem to treat a large category of empirical questions as "you think for a while, and then make up your mind". I'm not sure whether I'm being clear enough here, but perhaps I could at least make my position seem a little bit more likely by pointing out that it seems highly unlikely that Yvain would have made a whole discussion topic about this if answering it was as easy as simply pointing to a gigantic, well-known category of beliefs that are always expressed in probabilities. It would be like asking for an example math problem that uses exponents. Actually I might have just thought of a much better way to put it. I think his intention was to find a good example to include in an attempt to explain the classic LW assertion that probability is not in the territory. Everybody knows that certain things are usually expressed in probabilities (like whether the coin will be heads or tails), but most people don't realize that every thought process is a probability, and you can assign a probability to every belief depending on how likely you think it is that you thought through it properly. In fact, maybe that invalidates me qualifying my writing earlier with just empirical beliefs. Isn't it the view on here that every belief is a probability, because a probability can also be you gauging how likely it is for your thought process to be sound, rather than something in the territory? Can even a non-empirical question have a probability, just not one that one must come to via frequentist methods (testing a bunc

0faul_sname14y

Nitpick: I think that most empirical beliefs are very close to the 0 or 100% ends, so much so that we don't even feel any uncertainty. That said, you make an excellent point and I think you're right about Yvain's goal here.

1The Dao of Bayes14y

I'd say that the lottery, specifically those with a variable number of winners, are the best bet. There's not a lot of emotional investment, unless the person expects themselves to win and a single winner is likely (and even then, if they believe > 90% odds that they'll win, they're quite probably a lost cause to begin with) For those which rarely have winners and tend to just grow each week, "time until next winner" or the like would probably also work. Sports/horses/gambling, by contrast, strike me as mind-killers for a lot of people.

0[anonymous]14y

Replied to the wrong comment. Sorry.

[-]Joshua Hobbes14y10

The Space Program? There are reasonable people who say it's vital for the future good of our species, and reasonable people who say it's impractical and unnecessary, at least for the time being.

[-]Scott Alexander14y110

Sounds more like a value question to me.

[-]beberly3714y00

"Is the fetus growing in [pregnant woman you both know]'s uterus a boy or a girl." There is a tremendous amount of people who think that order of birth, shape of belly, pulse on pinky, etc can be used to predict the baby's sex [anecdotally these results, combined with peoples' guesses come to 50/50, go figure!] , which if enough of them agreed could arguably be used to marginally move away from the base of 51/49. This probability could be updated after an ultrasound, but still not move to 100% as there are well documented error rates associated... (read more)

[-]TraderJoe14y00

As an afterthought, I don't actually care about the "popular and important" part of it - I usually ask someone for the population of Indonesia, and then to make me a confidence interval. So if he says 2 million, I ask him for a 98% confidence interval and then show him that he was wrong. If you're interested in trying this, make your own 98% confidence interval [two numbers X,Y such that you are 98% sure that X < population of Indonesia < Y] and then Google it.

[-]TraderJoe14y110

Upvote this comment if your X<Pop(indonesia)<Y. [i.e. you made a good confidence interval].

1gjm14y

I will do so once there's a balancing karma sink :-).

0TraderJoe14y

For those who think like gjm, downvote this comment once you've upvoted the other one.

-2TraderJoe14y

[though as a side point, if you found the poll worth taking part in, then you found it worthwhile enough to a) read, b) do some [admittedly trivial] research, c) respond to. I think that means I've earned a karma point from you]

0printing-spoon14y

I don't care if he gets a few meaningless internet points for making a poll.

0gjm14y

Furthermore, I don't care whether you care if he gets a few meaningless internet points for making a poll (I don't care whether TraderJoe gets a few meaningless internet points either. I do, however, prefer a world in which the meaningless internet points have roughly the meaning they're intended to have.)

4TraderJoe14y

Upvote this comment if your confidence interval was too tight and either Pop(Indonesia) < your X or Pop(Indonesia) > your Y.

[-]TraderJoe14y00

"Will the Artist win the Best Picture Oscar?" would probably have fit your criteria in the runup to the Academy Awards. Not sure what the current analogy is - probably some similarly 'unimportant' yet highly publicised award/reality show exit.

[-]CharlesR14y00

I think when you have a question that fits the first three criteria, it always devolves into mindkilling. (Operating systems are a good example.)

The only time this doesn't happen is when the question is not popular/important. If you want to find an example, you're going to have to let go of either #2 or #5.

[-]LearnFromObservation14y00

If we observe, most things that are factual questions are indisputable by intelligent people; for example, "Is the Earth round?" is a question that anyone who is fortunate enough to have some basic intelligence and an elementary school education is unlikely to argue. However, in order to have an opinionated question, one opens the can of worms that is mind killing and biased. For example, if you had two towns side by side, populated by young adults of equal intelligence and equal education, and they each had a sports team that competed against the other town's, those people living in each town would claim their team to be superior, without evidence other than "I live in this town." Hence, bias.

[-]tgb14y00

Is string theory more closely correct than any other current theory of physics?

I, at least, have essentially no way to judge this question and so don't really know what probability to assign it. Perhaps 1/n where n is the number of viable theories of physics? Plus a bit since it does seem to have more expert backing than anything else.

[-]Grognor14y00

How/where memories are stored. It was salient for me, but even so it seems to satisfy all your conditions, except perhaps "important" since it doesn't impact most decisions that aren't whether to sign up for cryonics.

(I would like there to be no replies to this comment saying "Memory is probably stored in X via process Y" because yes, probably. That's the point.)

3Crux14y

Doesn't seem sufficiently common. Might work in the right crowd, but I got the feeling that Yvain was looking for an example that a lot of people could relate to. I mean, I hang out on here, and don't even have a first thought on the topic, nor would I expect to get the significance of whatever example answers and probabilities are given.

[-]Dan_Moore14y00

Questions in the area of health maintenance, weight control, diet & exercise.

6Nornagest14y

I'd call that fairly mindkilling, actually -- it's not a very partisan issue, but there are definite identity groups associated with it.

2Luke_A_Somers14y

Mind-killing for some, but not others. Find someone who hasn't hauled it into their identity, and it might work.

[-]Morendil14y-10

an example to plug into X

Are GMO foods safe?

[-]fubarobfusco14y170

"Safe" for whom? This could mean several different things:

Does eating (a particular) GMO food cause health problems?
Does planting (a particular) GMO food crop cause chemical environmental problems, e.g. a chemical expressed by GMO crops causing beneficial insects to die off?
Does planting (a particular) GMO food crop cause biological environmental problems, e.g. by becoming an invasive weed?
Does planting (a particular) GMO food crop cause economic or governmental problems, e.g. by contaminating adjacent non-GMO fields with pollen from a patented gene line?
If GMO crops are very successful in the market, will this lead to crop monocultures that will experience catastrophic failures?

As with "organic food", the halo/horns effect is strong with this one.

[-]TimS14y100

Unfortunately, this question has become entangled with political/personal identity issues, and thus has become quite mind-killing.

7Costanza14y

Greenpeace and the Heritage Foundation both have strong (and opposed) opinions on the matter.

[-]Dmytry14y-40

Suppose you were to calculate expected value (e.g. expected change in final utility) based on your probability estimates. How certain would you be in that number? If not 100%, adjust the number accordingly to take that % into account. Now, how certain are you in that number? Rinse and repeat.

People are not terribly good at transmitting and receiving, across adversary relation, what exactly they are 100% sure about. But it is clear that one has to end up with some value, that one has to trust completely; one could e.g. side with consensus, and trust that co... (read more)

[+]CBorys14y-170

LESSWRONG
LW

LESSWRONG
LW

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Nonmindkilling open questions

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